innate immunity Chapter 15

Question 1

What is species resistance

Answer 1

Is a general defense property that protect organisms from pathogens of different organisms

Question 2

What are general features of innate immunity in terms of specificity, time for mounting a response, and major components

Answer 2

innate immunity is the non specific immune system that represents an immediate defense response to pathogens

Question 3

What are the 1st and 2nd lines of defense in an innate immune response? What is the 3rd line of defense?

Answer 3

Barriers and secretions, certain internal blood proteins and processes

Question 4

What are 3 barrier functions of the epidermis and the dermis?

Answer 4

multiple layers of tightly packed cells (shredding)
Epidermal dendritic cells phagocytize pathogens
Dermis- collagen fibers help skin resist abrasions

Question 5

What are the 2 structural barriers of a mucous membrane?

Answer 5

Epithelium ( thin , very active, tightly packed, continual shedding,) Connective layer supports the epithilum

Question 6

. Describe the barrier characteristics and their functions for mucous membranes. What is the mucociliary escalator?

Answer 6

Thin outter covering, very active,tightly packed,continual shedding.

Question 7

Name 3 locations in the body which have lysozyme. Why is microbial antagonism part of the first line of defense?

Answer 7

nasal cavity, pharynx,tongue. I dont know why microbial antagonism is part of the defence

Question 8

What are 3 body processes that remove potential pathogens by a washing or flushing action

Answer 8

*Vomiting, defication, blood flow outwards

Question 9

Name the 5 components/processes associated with the 2nd line of defense

Answer 9

white blood cells interferon complement proteins inflammation and fever

Question 10

What is blood plasma? What does it normally contain?

Answer 10

Mostly a collid containing salts, dissolved o2 and co2, nutrients and proteins.) antibodies

Question 11

What are the formed elements? Where are these made in the body?

Answer 11

Erythrocytes, ploteiets,leukocytes

Question 12

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 12

umm?

Question 13

What are the 2 major groups of leukocytes?

Answer 13

(Granulocytes and agranulocytes)

Question 14

. Which WBCs are the major phagocytic cells of the immune system?

Answer 14

neutrophils

Question 15

Which WBCs release chemicals that can cause inflammation (and sometimes with other outcomes)?

Answer 15

basophil ans eosinophil

Question 16

What cell type are natural killer cells

Answer 16

lymphocytes

Question 17

What cell type do monocytes form after their maturation?

Answer 17

macrophages

Question 18

What is the most abundant type of WBCs? What is the least abundant type of WBCs?

Answer 18

?

Question 19

What are the 6 stages of phagocytosis?

Answer 19

Chemotaxis Adherence Ingestion Maturation killing Elimination

Question 20

What are opsonins and how/why do they affect phagocytosis

Answer 20

Antimicrobial proteins that coat a pathogen

Question 21

In terms of non-phagocytic killing of pathogens, describe the actions of eosinophils, natural killer cells, and neutrophils.

Answer 21

?

Question 22

How do WBC counts typically respond to a bacterial infection or to a viral infection?

Answer 22

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Question 23

What are segs and what are bands

Answer 23

Mature neutrophils

Question 24

What are interferons and what are their function in an innate immune response?

Answer 24

Are proteins released by host cell that inhibit the spread of viral infections Infected cells produce .

Question 25

What are antiviral proteins? Describe the process that leads to their synthesis and specifically what they do.

Answer 25

In active

Question 26

What are complement proteins

Answer 26

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Question 27

What are the 3 pathways by which complement can be activated, and what are 3 outcomes of complement activation?

Answer 27

?

Question 28

What is the general outcome of any activation process that involves a cascade response?

Answer 28

?

Question 29

What are membrane attack complexes and what do they do?

Answer 29

Drill holes in cells

Question 30

What is inflammation and what are associated signs and symptoms

Answer 30

?

Question 31

What are acute inflammation and chronic inflammation? What is a different outcome of each?

Answer 31

Acute is very important in th second line ocf defcence becaude it removes theinjurty stimulus and begins thehealing process. Dilation and increase

Question 32

For which 2 reasons is acute inflammation important in the second line of defense

Answer 32

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Question 33

What 3 processes mediate an acute inflammation response?

Answer 33

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Question 34

What are prostaglandins and histamines? Where do these come from and what effect does each have on inflammation?

Answer 34

Pro inflamitory mediator compounds vasodialation

Question 35

What is vasodilation? Why is this important to the inflammation response

Answer 35

The dilation effect

Question 36

What is diapedesis? Why is this important to the inflammation response

Answer 36

The movement of leukocytes out of the vascular system towards the site of tissue damage or infection

Question 37

How is tissue repair by fibroblasts different from tissue repair by stem cells

Answer 37

Form scar tissue tissue repair by stem cells normal tissue

Question 38

What is the definition of a fever? What are pyrogens

Answer 38

Body temp over 37 0c chemicals that stimulate the brain to circulate less blood to our extremities.

Question 39

What are 3 beneficial outcomes to having a fever?

Answer 39

The effects of interferons Activity of phagocytes promotes tissue repair