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microbiology > innate immunity Chapter 15 > Flashcards

innate immunity Chapter 15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is species resistance

A

Is a general defense property that protect organisms from pathogens of different organisms

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2
Q

What are general features of innate immunity in terms of specificity, time for mounting a response, and major components

A

innate immunity is the non specific immune system that represents an immediate defense response to pathogens

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3
Q

What are the 1st and 2nd lines of defense in an innate immune response? What is the 3rd line of defense?

A

Barriers and secretions, certain internal blood proteins and processes

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4
Q

What are 3 barrier functions of the epidermis and the dermis?

A

multiple layers of tightly packed cells (shredding)
Epidermal dendritic cells phagocytize pathogens
Dermis- collagen fibers help skin resist abrasions

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5
Q

What are the 2 structural barriers of a mucous membrane?

A

Epithelium ( thin , very active, tightly packed, continual shedding,) Connective layer supports the epithilum

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6
Q

. Describe the barrier characteristics and their functions for mucous membranes. What is the mucociliary escalator?

A

Thin outter covering, very active,tightly packed,continual shedding.

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7
Q

Name 3 locations in the body which have lysozyme. Why is microbial antagonism part of the first line of defense?

A

nasal cavity, pharynx,tongue. I dont know why microbial antagonism is part of the defence

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8
Q

What are 3 body processes that remove potential pathogens by a washing or flushing action

A

*Vomiting, defication, blood flow outwards

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9
Q

Name the 5 components/processes associated with the 2nd line of defense

A

white blood cells interferon complement proteins inflammation and fever

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10
Q

What is blood plasma? What does it normally contain?

A

Mostly a collid containing salts, dissolved o2 and co2, nutrients and proteins.) antibodies

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11
Q

What are the formed elements? Where are these made in the body?

A

Erythrocytes, ploteiets,leukocytes

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12
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

umm?

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13
Q

What are the 2 major groups of leukocytes?

A

(Granulocytes and agranulocytes)

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14
Q

. Which WBCs are the major phagocytic cells of the immune system?

A

neutrophils

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15
Q

Which WBCs release chemicals that can cause inflammation (and sometimes with other outcomes)?

A

basophil ans eosinophil

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16
Q

What cell type are natural killer cells

A

lymphocytes

17
Q

What cell type do monocytes form after their maturation?

A

macrophages

18
Q

What is the most abundant type of WBCs? What is the least abundant type of WBCs?

A

?

19
Q

What are the 6 stages of phagocytosis?

A

Chemotaxis Adherence Ingestion Maturation killing Elimination

20
Q

What are opsonins and how/why do they affect phagocytosis

A

Antimicrobial proteins that coat a pathogen

21
Q

In terms of non-phagocytic killing of pathogens, describe the actions of eosinophils, natural killer cells, and neutrophils.

A

?

22
Q

How do WBC counts typically respond to a bacterial infection or to a viral infection?

A

?

23
Q

What are segs and what are bands

A

Mature neutrophils

24
Q

What are interferons and what are their function in an innate immune response?

A

Are proteins released by host cell that inhibit the spread of viral infections Infected cells produce .

25
Q

What are antiviral proteins? Describe the process that leads to their synthesis and specifically what they do.

A

In active

26
Q

What are complement proteins

A

??

27
Q

What are the 3 pathways by which complement can be activated, and what are 3 outcomes of complement activation?

A

?

28
Q

What is the general outcome of any activation process that involves a cascade response?

A

?

29
Q

What are membrane attack complexes and what do they do?

A

Drill holes in cells

30
Q

What is inflammation and what are associated signs and symptoms

A

?

31
Q

What are acute inflammation and chronic inflammation? What is a different outcome of each?

A

Acute is very important in th second line ocf defcence becaude it removes theinjurty stimulus and begins thehealing process.
Dilation and increase

32
Q

For which 2 reasons is acute inflammation important in the second line of defense

A

?

33
Q

What 3 processes mediate an acute inflammation response?

A

?

34
Q

What are prostaglandins and histamines? Where do these come from and what effect does each have on inflammation?

A

Pro inflamitory mediator compounds vasodialation

35
Q

What is vasodilation? Why is this important to the inflammation response

A

The dilation effect

36
Q

What is diapedesis? Why is this important to the inflammation response

A

The movement of leukocytes out of the vascular system towards the site of tissue damage or infection

37
Q

How is tissue repair by fibroblasts different from tissue repair by stem cells

A

Form scar tissue tissue repair by stem cells normal tissue

38
Q

What is the definition of a fever? What are pyrogens

A

Body temp over 37 0c chemicals that stimulate the brain to circulate less blood to our extremities.

39
Q

What are 3 beneficial outcomes to having a fever?

A

The effects of interferons Activity of phagocytes promotes tissue repair

microbiology (5 decks)

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