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microbiology > Infections CH 14. > Flashcards

Infections CH 14. Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does symbiosis mean

A

to live together

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2
Q

Distinguish between mutualistic, commensal, and parasitic relationships.

A

Mutalistic- benefits, bacteria in the colon, its warm and moist.
Commensal- no benefits or harm, Stappylococcus or skin
Parasitism- Benefits organism 1 harms organism 2 is bacteria found in the lungs and TB

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3
Q

What does a parasitic bacterium do in the body?

A

*Cause damage to body while host thrives

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4
Q

What are resident microbiota and transient microbiota? What type of relationship do most microbes have with humans?

A
  • Resident- Present lifelong in humans (Commensal Relationship; nor harms, nor benefits human)
    Transient-only present for hours, days or months
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5
Q

About how many species of microbes occur in our GI tract

A

1000

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6
Q

How does the environmental difference between the upper GI tract and lower GI tract influence the type of resident microbes that are present?

A

dozens of species in the upper GI tract, and mostly strict anaerobes and sometimes facultative anaerobes are also resident in the lower GI tract.

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7
Q

What is microbial antagonism

A

Microbial antagonism: preventing the growth of pathogens by competition with our normal resident microbes for different limited resources

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8
Q

What are opportunistic pathogens

A

Opportunistic pathogens: normal microbiota that cause disease only under certain circumstances

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9
Q

What are 3 ways that a normal resident microbe can become an opportunistic pathogen?

A

1) Com-positional changes- Reduce microbial antagonism
2) Unrealistic for occurrence of resident microbes
3 )Suppression of ones immune system such as stress and malnutrition

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10
Q

What are reservoirs of infection Essay question…

A

sites where pathogens are maintained and are a source of infection

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of reservoirs of infection?

A

human,animal,nonliving *

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12
Q

What are zoonotic diseases

A

When animals give humans a diseases Rabies

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13
Q

What are 3 ways that a human can acquire a zoonotic disease

A

direct contact with animal or its waste eating infected animals arthropod vectors

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14
Q

What are 3 examples of animal reservoirs and the disease agent that they harbor

A

Human- Active disease- TB
Nonliving contamination- by feces or urine- Tetanus botulism
Animal-ringworm

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15
Q

Give examples of 2 diseases transmitted by a human carrier.

A

Tb and syphilis, HIV

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16
Q

What do nonliving reservoirs generally refer to? How do these reservoirs end up harboring infectious agents?

A

Soil water, Contamination by feces or urine

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17
Q

Name one infectious agent present in a nonliving reservoir.

A

Tetanus , botulism

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18
Q

What does contamination mean

A

Presence of microbes in or on the body

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19
Q

What does infection mean? Does an infection always result in a disease?

A

Successful invasion of a host by a pathogen. NO

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20
Q

What is a portal of entry refer to in the infection process?

A

Pathogens that enter the body at several sites*

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21
Q

What are the 4 portals of entry in humans

A

Skin, mucus membranes, respiratory tract, parental

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22
Q

What is the major portal of entry in humans for disease agents? Which site is most common?

A

mucous membrane, respiratory tract

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23
Q

What is the difference between a sign of a disease and a symptom of a disease? Give examples of each.

A

symptoms are subjective characteristics.

signs are objective manifestations of disease.

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24
Q

What is a syndrome? What does asymptomatic mean

A

a group of symptoms ans signs, Asymptomatic = no symptoms

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25
Q

Carcino-

A

Cancer

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26
Q

Col-, Colo

A

Colon

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27
Q

Dermato-

A

Skin

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28
Q

-Emia

A

pertain to the blood

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29
Q

Endo-

A

inside

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30
Q

-Gen, Gen-

A

give rise to

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31
Q

hepat-

A

liver

32
Q

indio-

A

unknown

33
Q

-itis

A

inflammation of a structure

34
Q

-oma

A

tumor or swelling

35
Q

osis

A

condition of

36
Q

-patho, patho-

A

abnormal

37
Q

septi

A

literally, rotting; refers to presence of pathogen

38
Q

terato-

A

defects

39
Q

tox-

A

poison

40
Q

Hereditary

A

when its passed down from a family member

41
Q

immunological

A

hyperactive or hypo active immunity

42
Q

infections

A

caused by an infectious agent

43
Q

nonsocomial

A

disease acquired in health care setting

44
Q

what does pathogenicity mean?

A

microorganisms that cause disease

45
Q

how is that different from virulence

A

virulence is the degree of pathogenicity Outcome of factors that able it to be pathogenic

46
Q

what are 4 virulence factors that contribute to pathogenicity

A

Adhesion factors and bio films, toxins antiphocytic factor extracellular enzymes

47
Q

what is adhesion and why are adhesion factors important for the disease process

A

Adhesion is the process which microbes attach to the target cells
Direct attachment

48
Q

what are toxins and how do exotoxins differ from endo toxins

A

toxins are chemicals that harm the tissue of trigger damage. Gram negatives, Lipid A,Fever.
exo means outside the body ans endo means inside the body, Proteins

49
Q

what are two types of antiphagocytic factors important for the disease process

A

Bacterial capsules- enables the pathogenic to invade recognition
Antphagocytic - blocks or inhibits the process

50
Q

what are the 5 stages of infectious disease, when would one experience the most severe signs ans symptoms

A

Incubation period, prodomal period, illness, decline, convalence
Illness would be the most severe

51
Q

during witch stages of infectious disease is one generally capable of transmitting the disease agent

A

incubation,prodromal, illness,decline

52
Q

what are three modes of infections disease transmission?

A

Contact transmission- pathogens spread direct
Vehicle transmission- pathogens spiral air
Vector transmission- animals

53
Q

What are formites

A

inanimate objects inadvertently used to transfer pathogens to new host

54
Q

Acute disease

A

disease in with symptoms develop rapidly and that runs its course quickly

55
Q

chronic disease

A

disease with unusually mild symptoms that develop slowly and last a long time.

56
Q

subacute disease

A

disease with time course and symptoms between acute and chronic

57
Q

asyptomatic disease

A

disease without symptoms

58
Q

Latent disease

A

disease that appears a long time after infection

59
Q

communicable disease

A

disease transmitted from one host to another

60
Q

contagious disease

A

communicable disease that is easily spread

61
Q

noncommunicable disease

A

disease arising from outside hosts or disease from opportunistic pathogen

62
Q

local infection

A

infection confined to small region of the body

63
Q

systemic infection

A

widespread infection in many systems of the body often travels in the blood or lymph

64
Q

In tracking the occurrence of disease, what is the difference between the infectious disease and the prevalence of disease

A 
# of new cases
Prevalence is the # total cases of disease in a  given area during a given time
65
Q

what does endemic mean.

A

its in one spot but spread out same amount each year

66
Q

what is sporadic.

A

its only in a few places

67
Q

what is pandemic diseases.

A

multiple clusters spread out

68
Q

what is epidermic .

A

one cluster

69
Q

definition of epidemic

A

a wide spread occurrence of infections disease in a community at a particular time

70
Q

descriptive epdemiology

A

takes data

71
Q

analytical

A

probable cause, mode of transmission,and marked prevention

72
Q

what are healthcare associated infections and how to prevent it

A

infection by patients or employees wash your hands

73
Q

what are 2 primary activities undertaken by public health agencies to limit the transmission of disease

A

monitor water and food safety also education

74
Q

which health agency sponsored by the us government is in charge of national disease epidemiology and research

A

the CDC

75
Q

which health agency sponsored by the united nations is in charge of global disease epidemiology, research, and world food program

A

world health organization

microbiology (5 decks)

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