Innate Immunity (Ch. 2) Flashcards
What are the two main types of reacting mediated by innate immunity
Inflammation and antiviral response
What two things does the IIS recognize for antiviral response
PAMP’s and DAMP’s
TLR - 1: TLR - 2 recognize what and are located where
Bacterial lipopeptides
Plasma membrane
TLR - 2 recognize what and are located where
Bacterial peptidoglycan
Plasma membrane
TLR - 4 recognize what and are located where
LPS
Plasma membrane
TLR - 5 recognize what and are located where
Bacterial flagellin
Plasma membrane
TLR - 2 : TLR - 6 recognize what and are located where
Bacterial lipopeptides
Plasma membrane
TLR - 3 recognize what and are located where
Ds RNA
Endosome
TLR - 7 recognize what and are located where
SsRNA
Endosome
TLR - 8 recognize what and are located where
SsRNA
Endosome
TLR - 9 recognize what and are located where
CpG DNA
Endosome
What do NOD like receptors sense
PAMP’s and DAMP’s in cytosol
Define NOD - 1 and NOD - 2
What is in their N-terminal, what do they detect, and what do they activate
Cytoplasmic proteins containing N-terminal caspas related domains specific for peptidoglycans (bacterial cell walls)
Activate the NF-KB pathway
Define NLRP - 3
What does it respond to, what does it activate, and what is the effect
Cytosolic NLR
Responds to everything (ATP, Uric Acid crystals, hyperkalemia)
Activates IL-1B that causes inflammation and fever
What do rig like receptors (RLRs) sense and activate
Viral RNA and activate IFN
What do cytosolic DNA sensors (CDS) sense and activate
Viral RNA - IFN
What do Lectin receptors recognize and do
Recognize carbohydrates and help phagocytize fungi and bacteria
What prevents microbes from coming into contact with the epithelium
Keratin and mucous
What are the first cells to respond in an infection or injury
Neutrophils
What are the three functions of macrophages
- Release cytokines which aid in inflammation by TLR and NLR
- Destroy microbes (mannose receptors)
- Tissue repair
What cells release histamine
Mast cells
What is the purpose of histamine
To cause blood vessels to become more permeable and allow for leukocytes and some lymphocytes to enter tissue and fight infection
What activates NK cells to kill infected host cells
NKG2D and CD16
CD 16 is specific for what on microbes
IgG
IgA is pushed out to where to kill antigens
The lumen of the intestine
What stops NK cells
ITIMS
How do ITIMS work
They become phosphorylated and promote activation of tyrosine phosphatase which dephosphoryltaes tyrosione from cells and stops the ITAMS and NK Cells
Define the alternative pathway for the compliment system
What type of immunity
Triggered when some compliment pathway proteins are activated on microbial surfaces and not controlled
This is part of innate immunity
Define the classical pathway for the compliment proteins
Triggered by antibodies that bind to microbes or other antigens
Part of adaptive immunity
Define the lectin pathway for compliment proteins
Act when a carbohydrate plasma protein manose binding lectin binds to terminal mannose residues on the surface of glycoproteins of microbes
Activates the classical pathway but is part of innate immunity
What is oposonization and phagocytosis
C3b binds to microbes and promotes the binding of these microbes to phagocytes
What is involved in the inflammation step of compliment pathway
C5a and C3a attract neutrophils and monocytes to promote inflammation
What happens during the cell lysis stage of compliment pathway
MAC is activated and allows for cell lysis and apoptosis in the microbe
What is the principle cell source of TNF and what does it do
Macrophages, T-cells, mast cells
Activates inflamation, fever and apoptosis
What is the principle source of IL-1 and what does it do
Macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, mast cells
Inflammation, fever
What do chemokines do
Targets leukocytes
Increases integrin affinity
Where does IL-12 come from and what does it do
Dendritic cells and macrophages
Produces IFN-y in NK cells and T-cells
Where does IFN-y come from and what does it do
NK cells and T cells
Activates macrophages
What do IFNs do
Activates antiviral states and increases class I MHC expression
How do T cells recognize peptides on APC’s
Recognize major histocompatable complexes (MHC’s)
What does IL-10 do and where is it found
Macrophages, dendritic cells, t cells
Inhibits cytokines and chemokine production
What does IL-6 do and where is it found
Macrophages, t cells
Proliferation of antibodies in B cells
What does IL - 15 do and where is it found
Macrophages
Proliferation in NK and T cells
What does IL-18 do and where is ti found
Macrophages
IFN synthesis in NK cells and T cells
What does TGF do
Inhibits inflamation
