Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

V - KCU - HDM {T1} - OMS1 > Innate Immunity (Ch. 2) > Flashcards

Innate Immunity (Ch. 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main types of reacting mediated by innate immunity

A

Inflammation and antiviral response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two things does the IIS recognize for antiviral response

A

PAMP’s and DAMP’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TLR - 1: TLR - 2 recognize what and are located where

A

Bacterial lipopeptides

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TLR - 2 recognize what and are located where

A

Bacterial peptidoglycan

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TLR - 4 recognize what and are located where

A

LPS

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TLR - 5 recognize what and are located where

A

Bacterial flagellin

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TLR - 2 : TLR - 6 recognize what and are located where

A

Bacterial lipopeptides

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TLR - 3 recognize what and are located where

A

Ds RNA

Endosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TLR - 7 recognize what and are located where

A

SsRNA

Endosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TLR - 8 recognize what and are located where

A

SsRNA

Endosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TLR - 9 recognize what and are located where

A

CpG DNA

Endosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do NOD like receptors sense

A

PAMP’s and DAMP’s in cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define NOD - 1 and NOD - 2

What is in their N-terminal, what do they detect, and what do they activate

A

Cytoplasmic proteins containing N-terminal caspas related domains specific for peptidoglycans (bacterial cell walls)

Activate the NF-KB pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define NLRP - 3

What does it respond to, what does it activate, and what is the effect

A

Cytosolic NLR

Responds to everything (ATP, Uric Acid crystals, hyperkalemia)

Activates IL-1B that causes inflammation and fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do rig like receptors (RLRs) sense and activate

A

Viral RNA and activate IFN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do cytosolic DNA sensors (CDS) sense and activate

A

Viral RNA - IFN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do Lectin receptors recognize and do

A

Recognize carbohydrates and help phagocytize fungi and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What prevents microbes from coming into contact with the epithelium

A

Keratin and mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the first cells to respond in an infection or injury

A

Neutrophils

20
Q

What are the three functions of macrophages

A
  1. Release cytokines which aid in inflammation by TLR and NLR
  2. Destroy microbes (mannose receptors)
  3. Tissue repair
21
Q

What cells release histamine

A

Mast cells

22
Q

What is the purpose of histamine

A

To cause blood vessels to become more permeable and allow for leukocytes and some lymphocytes to enter tissue and fight infection

23
Q

What activates NK cells to kill infected host cells

A

NKG2D and CD16

24
Q

CD 16 is specific for what on microbes

A

IgG

25
Q

IgA is pushed out to where to kill antigens

A

The lumen of the intestine

26
Q

What stops NK cells

A

ITIMS

27
Q

How do ITIMS work

A

They become phosphorylated and promote activation of tyrosine phosphatase which dephosphoryltaes tyrosione from cells and stops the ITAMS and NK Cells

28
Q

Define the alternative pathway for the compliment system

What type of immunity

A

Triggered when some compliment pathway proteins are activated on microbial surfaces and not controlled

This is part of innate immunity

29
Q

Define the classical pathway for the compliment proteins

A

Triggered by antibodies that bind to microbes or other antigens

Part of adaptive immunity

30
Q

Define the lectin pathway for compliment proteins

A

Act when a carbohydrate plasma protein manose binding lectin binds to terminal mannose residues on the surface of glycoproteins of microbes

Activates the classical pathway but is part of innate immunity

31
Q

What is oposonization and phagocytosis

A

C3b binds to microbes and promotes the binding of these microbes to phagocytes

32
Q

What is involved in the inflammation step of compliment pathway

A

C5a and C3a attract neutrophils and monocytes to promote inflammation

33
Q

What happens during the cell lysis stage of compliment pathway

A

MAC is activated and allows for cell lysis and apoptosis in the microbe

34
Q

What is the principle cell source of TNF and what does it do

A

Macrophages, T-cells, mast cells

Activates inflamation, fever and apoptosis

35
Q

What is the principle source of IL-1 and what does it do

A

Macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, mast cells

Inflammation, fever

36
Q

What do chemokines do

A

Targets leukocytes

Increases integrin affinity

37
Q

Where does IL-12 come from and what does it do

A

Dendritic cells and macrophages

Produces IFN-y in NK cells and T-cells

38
Q

Where does IFN-y come from and what does it do

A

NK cells and T cells

Activates macrophages

39
Q

What do IFNs do

A

Activates antiviral states and increases class I MHC expression

40
Q

How do T cells recognize peptides on APC’s

A

Recognize major histocompatable complexes (MHC’s)

41
Q

What does IL-10 do and where is it found

A

Macrophages, dendritic cells, t cells

Inhibits cytokines and chemokine production

42
Q

What does IL-6 do and where is it found

A

Macrophages, t cells

Proliferation of antibodies in B cells

43
Q

What does IL - 15 do and where is it found

A

Macrophages

Proliferation in NK and T cells

44
Q

What does IL-18 do and where is ti found

A

Macrophages

IFN synthesis in NK cells and T cells

45
Q

What does TGF do

A

Inhibits inflamation

V - KCU - HDM {T1} - OMS1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions