Innate Immunity Flashcards
What cells are part of innate immunity?
~ macrophages ~ DCs ~ Natural killer ~ complement ~ cytokines
What cells are part of adaptive immunity?
~ T-cells
~ B-cells
~ antibodies
Phagocytosis
uptake of particular materials by a cell
Name the specialised phagocytes.
NEUTROPHILS - phagocytose pathogens then die
MACROPHAGE + DENDRITIC CELLS - phagocytose pathogen and present antigens
PRR
Pattern recognition receptors:
receptors on and in our cells that recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
PAMPs
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns:
molecular hallmarks of infection the are not usually present in/on healthy cells
~ recognise broad classes e.g. ds RNS virus
Name the four types of PRR:
~ Toll-receptors (TLRs)
~ C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)
~ Intracellular nucleic acid receptors
~ Nucleotide oligomerization domain/leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs)
MDA5
intracellular RNA receptors that detects long double-stranded DNA
RIG-I
intracellular RNA receptor that detects short dsRNA and RNA with a tai-phosphate at its 5’ end
After PAMP detection, PRR signalling activates transcription factors which which on genes which leads to the secretion of…
~ Cytokines - regulate immune response
~ Interferons - warn neighbouring cells of viruses
~ Chemokines - recruit immune cells to infection site
~ Antimicrobial peptides - kill pathogens
~ Enzymes e.g. COX-2 - make prostaglandins
Prostaglandins
a group of lipids made at sites of tissue damage or infection that are involved in dealing with injury and illness
Inflammation is effective against…
extracellular pathogens
Interferon response is effective against…
intracellular pathogens
What types of receptors do natural killer cells have?
~ inhibitory = detect self-molecules e.g. MHC
~ activating = detect MIC-A and MIC-B expressed on epithelial cells = virus inside
Name an activating NK receptor.
NKG2D
