Innate immunity

Question 1

toxins often target

Answer 1

immune cells

Question 2

some toxins aren’t directly toxic… instead they

Answer 2

induce leukocytes –> produce inflammatory mediators = toxic

Question 3

toxicity of endotoxin

Answer 3

• not directly toxic

- induces body to produce toxic factors

Question 4

toxic component of endotoxin

Answer 4

LPS, specifically Lipid A region

Question 5

endotoxin shock

Answer 5

• Gram negative bacteria
• septic shock
• decreased BP and CO
• ARDS, DIC

Question 6

Diseseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Answer 6

• indicative of septic shock (endotoxin)

- too much clotting –> not enough clotting factors left over –> hemmorhage

Question 7

ARDS

Answer 7

• acute resp distress syndrome
• gram negative insult to lungs, septic shock
• endotoxin

Question 8

Pyrogen free

Answer 8

no endotoxin

Question 9

endogenous mediators of response to LPS

Answer 9

• IL-1
• TNF-a
• produced by LPS-stimulated macrophages

Question 10

TLR 4

Answer 10

• recognizes LPS

- in plasma membrane of macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils

Question 11

IL-1 and TNF-a in liver

Answer 11

complement, opsonization

Question 12

IL-1 and TNF-a in bone marrow epithelium

Answer 12

neutrophil mobilization –> phagocytosis

Question 13

IL-1 and TNF-a in hypothalamus

Answer 13

increased body temp –> decreased virus/bacteria replication

Question 14

IL-1 and TNF-a in fat

Answer 14

increased body temp –> decreased virus/bacteria replication

Question 15

TLR4 pathway once LPS is bound

Answer 15

NFkB get activated, activates txn of cytokines

Question 16

stimulate T and B cells, induce fever, secreted by stimulated macrophages

Answer 16

• IL-1

- TNF-a

Question 17

TSS

Answer 17

• Staph aureus

- ARDS