Immunity to Microorganisms

Question 1

most bacteria die

Answer 1

inside phagocyte

Question 2

macrophages recognize ______; NK cells recognize _____

Answer 2

• m: cell-surface carbs of bacteria

- NK: changes on surface of human cells due to viral inf

Question 3

antiphacgocytic capsule of S. pneumonia, protein A of S. aureus, protein M, attachment to epithelium of resp or dig tract

Answer 3

virulence factors

Question 4

Protein A

Answer 4

virluence factor, blocks opsonizing action of IgG

Question 5

primary adaptive immune response is

Answer 5

antibody

Question 6

IgA prevents

Answer 6

attachment of antigen to epithelium

Question 7

advantages of opsonization

Answer 7

• taken up better

- killed more quickly

Question 8

macrophages perform ____ to internalize pathogens

Answer 8

receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 9

orgs that can survive in (unactivated) phagosome

Answer 9

facultative intracellular parasites

Question 10

macrophages activation is a result of

Answer 10

T cell response

Question 11

what kind of immunity can serum transfer

Answer 11

humoral (antibodies)

-NOT cell mediated

Question 12

Listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes), TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), and Leprosy/Hansen’s Disease (Mycobacterium leprae) are all killed by

Answer 12

activated macrophages

Question 13

macrophage is activated by

Answer 13

Th1 cell

Question 14

Th1 cell activates

Answer 14

macrophage

Question 15

role of Th1

Answer 15

macrophage activation, produce opsonizing antibodies, IL-2 and IFN-gamma

Question 16

role of Th2

Answer 16

activate B cells to make antibodies, IL-4 and IL-4

Question 17

with Listeriosis, TB, or Leprosy infection, what cells do you want to be activated?

Answer 17

Th1 cells - activate macrophages

Question 18

Th1 and Th2 are CD___ cells

Answer 18

CD4

Question 19

this molecule recruits macrophages to site of infection

Answer 19

CXCL2

Question 20

this ligand and receptor activate macrophages

Answer 20

CD40 and INF-gammma

Question 21

this ligand kills chronically infected macrophages

Answer 21

Fas ligand

Question 22

cytotoxic T cells kill

Answer 22

infected cells (macrophages)

Question 23

T cells can cause increased production of eosinophils, which contain

Answer 23

major basic protein to kill parasitic worms

Question 24

involve in killing Plasmodia

Answer 24

IgM and IgM, complement

Question 25

parasites hide in host cells

Answer 25

inaccessibility

Question 26

parasites vary surface antigen expression

Answer 26

avoidance of recognition

Question 27

Leishmania, T spiralis, and schistomes are capable of

Answer 27

immunosuppression

Question 28

Leishmania, T. gondii, T. cruzi can all

Answer 28

live inside macrophages

Question 29

methods of antibody neutralization of viruses

Answer 29

adsorption, penetration, uncoating, replication

Question 30

why is virus neutralizatoon incomplete

Answer 30

virus aggregation or blocks incomplete antibody

Question 31

what immunoglobulin is responsible for local response, including against viruses

Answer 31

IgA

Question 32

most important response against viruses

Answer 32

``` cell mediated (T cell) cytotoxicity (CD8) -CD8 often produces IL-2 itself to increase its own prolif ```

Question 33

gamma interferon is produced by _____ and is the same as ______

Answer 33

- T cells in antigen-dependent response | - macrophage activating factor