Innate Immunity

Question 1

1st line of defense: ______
2nd line of defense: ______
3rd line of defense: ______

Answer 1

1. external barriers (physical & chemical)
2. Innate immune response (rapid, nonspecific, short-lived)
3. Adaptive/acquired immune response (slower, specific, long-term protection)

Question 2

What type of inflammation will we, as providers, encounter most often?

Answer 2

acute inflammation

Question 3

Inflammation is a ____ line of defense

Answer 3

Second

Question 4

How long does inflammation need to be present to be considered chronic inflammation?

Answer 4

2+ weeks

Question 5

How does chronic inflammation occur?

Answer 5

• Often related to an unsuccessful healing during an acute inflammatory response
• Is usually associated with influx of monocytes, lymphocytes, and other immune cells

Question 6

What can occur if chronic inflammation does not heal?

Answer 6

granuloma formation

Question 7

How can granulomas form?

Answer 7

Dense infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages may lead to granuloma formation
- infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and parasites can result in granuloma formation
- Granulomas may form if neutrophils and macrophages are unable to destroy microorgansims during the acute inflammatory response

Question 8

Fusion of ____ into ____ = granulomas

Answer 8

macrophages; multinucleated giant cells

Question 9

_____ cell found in granulomatous conditions and formed by the fusion of macrophages and contain nuclei arranged in a horseshoe-shaped pattern in the cell periphery.

Answer 9

Langhans giant cells

Question 10

During tissue repair, _____ cells in the deepest part of the epidermis divide, giving rise to ____ cells that fill in missing tissue of the epidermis.

Answer 10

stem; epithelial cells

Question 11

During tissue repair, _____ (connective tissue cells) produce ____ (collagen fibers and glycoproteins) that fills in the vacated tissue of the dermis.

Answer 11

fibroblasts; scar tissue

Question 12

Which type of tissue repair seals the lesion and restores tensile strength, but cannot execute the physiologic functions of destroyed tissue?

Answer 12

Fibroblasts producing scar tissue in the dermis

Question 13

What are the 2 possible outcomes from tissue repair and how are they different?

Answer 13

1. Resolution - successful process of regeneration of damaged tissue (replacement of damaged tissue with healthy tissue; NO loss of function)
2. Repair - replacement of destroyed tissue with scar tissue (loss of function - decreased elasticity and fewer blood vessels)

Question 14

What is the process of healing by secondary intention?

Answer 14

A. Hemostatic plug and inflammation
B. Proliferation of epithelial cells; formation of granulation tissue by vessel growth and proliferating fibroblasts
3. Remodeling to produce the fibrous scar