Innate Immunity

Question 1

What are four characteristics of the Innate Immuno response?

Answer 1

1: non-specific
2: no memory or lasting immunity
3: limited number of recognition molecules
4: responses are phylogenetically ancient

Question 2

What are the four response categories and subcategories of the innate response?

Answer 2

1: Anatomical barriers
a. skin
b. mucousal membranes
2: Physiological barriers
a. temperature
b. pH
c. oxygen levels
d. soluble factor (lysozymes, lactoperoxidases, interferons)
3: Phagocytosis/ Endocytosis
4: Inflammatory response

Question 3

Describe the differences between
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis

Answer 3

Endocytosis: degrades extracellular macromolecules by forming an invagination of the plasma membrane and then internalize

Pinocytosis: degrades non specific extracellular macromolecules by forming an invagination

Phagocytosis :
the ingestion of particular matter, microorganisms. the membrane expands around the extracellular microorganism

Question 4

What are PAMP?

Who recognizes them ?

Answer 4

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns: which are phylogenically ancient and are recognized by the innate immune response as general identification for groups of microbes/pathogens, not specific individuals

These patterns are recognized by Pattern Recognizing Receptors (PRR)
these patterns are also recognized by antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells)

Question 5

Give Four Examples of PAMP recognized by the Innate response.

Answer 5

1: lipopolysaccharide associated with G(-) membranes
2: Mannose & Fructose & sugar residue sequences can be recognized
3: Techoid Acid associated with G(+) peptidogylcan cell wall
4: N-formyl peptides example prokaryotes protein synthesis begin with formyl-methionine

Question 6

what are the four clinical signs of inflammation?

Answer 6

red
swelling
pain
heat

Question 7

define the steps of the inflammatory response? 
 Vasodialation 
Margination 
Diapedesis
Chemotaxis

Answer 7

Vasodilation (increased by Kinins)
Marginantion: free flowing leukocyctes exit central blood stream
Diapedesis: blood cells pass through the intact capillary wall due to vasodialation
Chemotaxis: the movement of leukocytes and complements (blood protein) to a localized area

Question 8

Cytokines

Answer 8

Cytokines are a diverse family of regulators classified as proteins/peptides/or glycoproteins which are responsible for cell to cell signaling. They are found in blood filtering organs such as spleen, liver, bone marrow, lungs. they are recruited to tissues during inflammation.

Question 9

What cells are involved in the Innate Immunity

Answer 9

Phagocytes