Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Answer 1

Innate- non-specific, same response, instant, no memory

Adaptive- specific, has memory, using B/T lymphocytes , slow

Question 2

What are the types of innate immunity?

Answer 2

Cellular (innate)
Mechanical,
Microbiological, 
Environmental
Molecular

Question 3

Describe the cellular innate defence

Answer 3

Macrophages- ingest microorganisms
Neutrophils- phagocytic and degranulate
Mast cells, basophils, eosinophils have receptors for antibodies and increase vascular permeability

Question 4

What does the mechanical innate defence involve?

Answer 4

Body surface- skin and fur
Cilia in respiratory
flushing by liquid- tears
Mucus as further barrier

Question 5

What are defensins?

Answer 5

Small proteins which are active against bacteria/fungus/virus and bind to microbes membranes

Question 6

How does the innate immune system protect against microbes molecularly?

Answer 6

Defensins
Lysosomes- attack peptidoglycan, secreted in tears, saliva, mucus, sebum
Myeloperoxidase system- enzyme found in lysosomes in granulocytes and macrophages- produces OCL-/1O2
Accute phase protiens
Complement system
Interferons

Question 7

What is the definition of an antigen?

Answer 7

Any molecule that can bind specifically to an antibody or antigen receptor

Question 8

What is an epitope?

Answer 8

A site on an antigen recognised by an antibody or antigen receptor

Question 9

What is the definition of an antibody?

Answer 9

A protein that binds specifically to a particular substance

Question 10

Where are lysosomes secreted?

Answer 10

Cellular- macrophages granules
Secreted- tears, saliva, mucus
Sebum- sebaceous glands