Immunodeficiencies

Question 1

What is an immunodeficiency?

Answer 1

One or several parts of the immune system being dysfunctional

Question 2

What is primary and secondary immune deficiency?

Answer 2

Primary- genetic/congenital

Secondary- Secondary factors (drugs/infection)

Question 3

How are primary immunodeficiencies passed on?

Answer 3

Autosomal recessive

Question 4

What is a complement deficiency?

Answer 4

C3 deficiencies, animals have no serum C3
Stuggle to make antibodies against pathogens causing pyometra and pneumonia
Brittany spaniels, finish landrace

Question 5

What are the two phagocytic defects?

Answer 5

Chediak-higashi syndrome- neutrophil has enlarged cytoplasmic granules which rupture causing tissue damage
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency- failure of granulocytes to leave blood

Question 6

What does SCID stand for?

Answer 6

Severe combined immunodeficiency

Question 7

Describe the mechanism of SCID for horses?

Answer 7

Defect in DNA dependent protein kinase prevents DNA repair, they fail to form functional antigen binding regions in their TCR and BCR
Non functional T/B lymphocytes in circulating tissues
death 4-6 months

Question 8

Describe the mechanism of SCID in dogs?

Answer 8

Thymus has low number of lymphocytes
Low T cells in circulation
No IgG, IgA
X-Linked

Question 9

What do secondary immune deficiencies effect?

Answer 9

Primary or secondary lymphoid tissues

Question 10

What are examples of secondary immune diseases?

Answer 10

FIV

Canine distemper virus- depressed cell mediated immunity and antibody production