Innate & Acquired Imm System

Question 1

Are B & T cells from Lymphoid or Myeloid precursors?

Answer 1

Lymphoid

Question 2

What is the most abundant class of antibody 75%

Answer 2

IgG

Question 3

What is the first antibody to be made

Answer 3

IgM

Question 4

Summarise what a B cells function is

Answer 4

Presents antibody immunoglobulin on cell surface - if antigen (eg on bacteria virus) matches it, the B cell will proliferate, making clones = antibody factories.
These antibodies attach to the bact antigen & “flag” it for destruction by macrophages.

Question 5

Where are class 1 Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC) found & what do they do?

Answer 5

Surface of human cells, - “flag” to Killer T Cells that they are infected - killer T cell causes cell apoptosis.

Question 6

Where are class 2 Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC) found & what do they do?

Answer 6

Outside of macrophages - present pathogen antigen to Helper T cells which create cytokines - furthering immune response.

Question 7

The process of ensuring immature B cells do not recognise “self” which involves either Receptor editing or Anergy and occurs in bone marrow is what

Answer 7

Central tolerance

Question 8

What is anergy

Answer 8

B cell is only mildly self recognising so is down graded and becomes unresponsive.

Question 9

What is receptor editing

Answer 9

B cell antibodies that recognise self either change to new ones or apoptosis.

Question 10

Process of continuing to ensure B cells do not recog self and occurs in 2ary lymph tissue is what

Answer 10

Peripheral tolerance

Question 11

This immunoglobulin is the first to be created on virgin B cells

Answer 11

IgM

Question 12

This immunoglobulin binds to invaders and opsonizes for phagocytes - most common Ig

Answer 12

IgG

Question 13

This immunoglobulin found at mucosal surfaces and breast milk

Answer 13

IgA

Question 14

This immunoglobulin prod in response to specific allergens and cause mast cells to degranulate

Answer 14

IgE

Question 15

What type of cell gives virgin B cells BAFF cytokine on their surface, prolonging their lifespan.

Answer 15

Follicular dendritic cells

Question 16

Where in the lymph nodes do follicular dendritic cells (and B cells for a short while) live

Answer 16

Cortex

Question 17

Where in the lymph node do t cells live

Answer 17

Paracortex

Question 18

What is converted to a T helper cell by the presentation of antigen on a tissue dendritic cell?

Answer 18

CD4 T cell

Question 19

Where in the lymph node is the germinal centre of the follicle where activated B cells undergo affinity maturation and class switching of Igs

Answer 19

Cortex

Question 20

In the germinal centre B cells become one of 2 types of cell: what are they

Answer 20

(apical light zone) Memory B cells, - stick around in circulation until next time same pathogen arrives.
(basal light zone) Plasma cells - clone antibody factories

Question 21

Where is Thrombopoeitin and Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) produced (TPO) what do they do

Answer 21

Bone marrow
TPO - create megakaryocyte – then platelets
GCSF - creat neutrophils & eosinophils

Question 22

Where is Erythropoietin produced (EPO) what does it do

Answer 22

Kidney

Turns myeloid progenitor cell into RBC

Question 23

3 Cytokines produced by macrophage in inflammatory response - cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, incr endoth permeability

Answer 23

TNF alpha
IL1
IL6

Question 24

in thymus - First part of t cell maturation - cortical Thymic Epithelial Cells (cTEC) present MHC to T cells, if bind to it will survive

Answer 24

Positive selection

Question 25

Second part of T cell maturation in Thymus - dendritic cell / medullary thymic epith cell (mTEC) presents self antigen - if T cell recognises = destroyed

Answer 25

Negative selection

Question 26

Child presents with wide set eyes, low ears & cleft palate.
Has had multiple viral and fungal infections.
Congenital cardiac complications also.
Condition, how is it inherited, what is it called, what chromosome?

Answer 26

Digeorge syndrome
Autosomal dom.
Chroms 22 partial deletion
No thymus- so no T cells - hence viral infections.