Innate 1: Updated more simple cards

Question 1

what is an example of a growth factor that stimulates the mlyeloid lineage?

Answer 1

colony stimulating factor, CSF

Question 2

what induces the lympoid lineage?

Answer 2

interluekins 5 and 7

Question 3

what are the 3 primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 3

thymus

bone marrow

bursa of fabricus (birds)

Question 4

what are the 3 secondary lymhoid organs?

Answer 4

spleen

lymph nodes

mucousa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 5

B cells develop and mature in contact with what other cell?

Answer 5

stromal cells

Question 6

T cells intially develop in the ____ but then migrate to the ____ to mature

Answer 6

bone marrow

thymus

Question 7

within secondary lymphoid structure like the spleen, the cortex mainly contrains ____ cells, and the paracortex contains mosltly ___ cells, and the medulla contains most _____ cells

Answer 7

B cells

T cells

macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 8

CD4+ T cells differentiate into___

CD8+ T cells differentiate into___

Answer 8

helper T cells

cytotoxic T cells

Question 9

the red pulp of the spleen contains:

the white pulp of the spleen contains:

Answer 9

RBCs and macrophages

lymphocytes

Question 10

what is the main function of mucousa associated lymphoid tissue?

Answer 10

to defend infection at mucousal epitheial layers, so think vunerable places like the pharynx, the bronchi, and the intestine

Question 11

ciliary Dyskinesia is a ____ disease caused by_____

Answer 11

autosomal recessive

cilia cells are malformed, resulting in impaired mucucilliary clearance

Question 12

Defensins and Cathelicidins are what? How do they work?

Answer 12

host defense peptides

they are cationic and cell membranes are anionic, so they can form pores causing osmotic imblanace and cell lysis

Question 13

what is the difference between PAMPS and DAMPS?

Answer 13

pamps are associated with pathogen invaders, and damps as associated with issues with the host cells (damage related)

Question 14

which TLRs are best for identyfing:

gram+ bacteria

yeast and fungi

viruses

gram- bacteroa

Answer 14

gram+ bacteria: 2

yeast and fungi: 2,4

viruses: 7,8

gram- bacteria: 4

Question 15

what is lipopolysaccharide, LPS? WHich TLR can detect it?

Answer 15

it is an endotoxin, it is the main outer component of the membrane for gram negative bacteria

TLR 4 can detect LPS, gram neg bacteria

Question 16

TLR signlating causes translocation of NFkB into the nuclues. What does this do?

Answer 16

stimulates transcripion and expression of genes that activate the cell and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines

Question 17

PRRs signaling leads to the expression of lots of genes. What are some examples of adapter proteins ?

Answer 17

NFkB transcription factor

Interferon regulating factor IRF

MAP kinase

Question 18

what is the main function of type 1 interfuerons?

Answer 18

antiviral activity

Question 19

What do C type lectin receptors do?

Answer 19

they are PRRs that recognize cell wall sugars. they trigger inflammatory pathways and promote phagocytosis

Question 20

what is Mannose receptor and where is it found?

Answer 20

It is a C type lectin PRRon macrophages and dendritic cells that recognizes terminal mannose. it triggers phagocytosis

Question 21

what is an inflammasome?

Answer 21

a caspase-activating complex

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2812ion3aUk

Question 22

NOD like receptors detect what? What do they do?

Answer 22

intracellular changes like infection or cellular damage

they induce cell death and inflammation

activate caspase 1 protease which cleaves other proteins into active forms