Inmunosupresores

Question 1

What is the difference between induction and maintenance immunosuppression?

Answer 1

Induction immunosuppression is more intense than maintenance immunosuppression.

Question 2

Why should immunosuppressors from the same family be avoided?

Answer 2

To prevent additive toxic effects.

Question 3

What type of antibodies are antimycotic globulins derived from rabbits?

Answer 3

Polyclonal antibodies.

Question 4

What is the mechanism of action of basiliximab?

Answer 4

Blocks IL-2 receptor (CD25) on T lymphocytes, inhibiting their proliferation.

Question 5

What is alemtuzumab used for?

Answer 5

Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, induction agent, antirejection, prophylaxis for Pneumocystis and herpes virus.

Question 6

What does rituximab target?

Answer 6

It targets CD20 on B lymphocytes, inducing lysis and preventing activation.

Question 7

What are the two main calcineurin inhibitors mentioned?

Answer 7

Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus.

Question 8

What is the primary mechanism of action of calcineurin inhibitors?

Answer 8

They block calcium-calcineurin signaling, inactivating T lymphocytes and interfering with IL-2.

Question 9

What are the potential side effects of calcineurin inhibitors?

Answer 9

Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, nephrotoxicity, infections, hirsutism (cyclosporine).

Question 10

What are azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil classified as?

Answer 10

Antiproliferative agents.

Question 11

What is the mechanism of action of mycophenolate mofetil?

Answer 11

Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis, preventing proliferation of T and B lymphocytes.

Question 12

What are the common side effects of azathioprine?

Answer 12

Bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Question 13

Which corticosteroids are commonly used in immunosuppression?

Answer 13

Methylprednisolone, prednisolone, and prednisone.

Question 14

What is the mechanism of action of corticosteroids in immunosuppression?

Answer 14

Lysis or redistribution of T lymphocytes, acting in the nucleus.

Question 15

What is belatacept used for?

Answer 15

Renal transplantation.

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action of belatacept?

Answer 16

It binds to CD80 and CD86, preventing CD28 from binding and inhibiting T cell activation.

Question 17

What are the side effects of belatacept?

Answer 17

Increased risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, anemia, leukopenia.

Question 18

What do everolimus and sirolimus inhibit?

Answer 18

The mTOR protein, preventing cell cycle progression and T lymphocyte proliferation.

Question 19

What is bortezomib used for?

Answer 19

Treatment of antibody-mediated rejection in transplant patients.

Question 20

What is the mechanism of action of intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV)?

Answer 20

Induces apoptosis and modulates B lymphocyte signaling, inhibiting antibody binding to the transplant.

Question 21

What are the potential side effects of IGIV?

Answer 21

Headache, fever, chills, hypotension or hypertension, serious (meningitis, acute kidney injury, thrombotic events).

Question 22

Fill in the blank: __________ is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the IL-2 receptor.

Answer 22

Basiliximab

Question 23

True or False: Azathioprine requires pharmacological monitoring.

Answer 23

False