Inmunosupresores Flashcards
What is the difference between induction and maintenance immunosuppression?
Induction immunosuppression is more intense than maintenance immunosuppression.
Why should immunosuppressors from the same family be avoided?
To prevent additive toxic effects.
What type of antibodies are antimycotic globulins derived from rabbits?
Polyclonal antibodies.
What is the mechanism of action of basiliximab?
Blocks IL-2 receptor (CD25) on T lymphocytes, inhibiting their proliferation.
What is alemtuzumab used for?
Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, induction agent, antirejection, prophylaxis for Pneumocystis and herpes virus.
What does rituximab target?
It targets CD20 on B lymphocytes, inducing lysis and preventing activation.
What are the two main calcineurin inhibitors mentioned?
Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus.
What is the primary mechanism of action of calcineurin inhibitors?
They block calcium-calcineurin signaling, inactivating T lymphocytes and interfering with IL-2.
What are the potential side effects of calcineurin inhibitors?
Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, nephrotoxicity, infections, hirsutism (cyclosporine).
What are azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil classified as?
Antiproliferative agents.
What is the mechanism of action of mycophenolate mofetil?
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis, preventing proliferation of T and B lymphocytes.
What are the common side effects of azathioprine?
Bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal disturbances.
Which corticosteroids are commonly used in immunosuppression?
Methylprednisolone, prednisolone, and prednisone.
What is the mechanism of action of corticosteroids in immunosuppression?
Lysis or redistribution of T lymphocytes, acting in the nucleus.
What is belatacept used for?
Renal transplantation.
What is the mechanism of action of belatacept?
It binds to CD80 and CD86, preventing CD28 from binding and inhibiting T cell activation.
What are the side effects of belatacept?
Increased risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, anemia, leukopenia.
What do everolimus and sirolimus inhibit?
The mTOR protein, preventing cell cycle progression and T lymphocyte proliferation.
What is bortezomib used for?
Treatment of antibody-mediated rejection in transplant patients.
What is the mechanism of action of intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV)?
Induces apoptosis and modulates B lymphocyte signaling, inhibiting antibody binding to the transplant.
What are the potential side effects of IGIV?
Headache, fever, chills, hypotension or hypertension, serious (meningitis, acute kidney injury, thrombotic events).
Fill in the blank: __________ is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the IL-2 receptor.
Basiliximab
True or False: Azathioprine requires pharmacological monitoring.
False
