Antireumaticos

Question 1

What is the main purpose of antirheumatic drugs?

Answer 1

To treat Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the synovium (synovitis).

Question 2

What does FAME stand for?

Answer 2

Fármacos Antirreumáticos Modificadores de la Enfermedad

This refers to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.

Question 3

Name the first-line treatments for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Answer 3

• Symptomatic treatments (NSAIDs, glucocorticoids)
• Traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
• Biological agents

NSAIDs and glucocorticoids are used for immediate symptom relief.

Question 4

What is methotrexate used for in the context of RA?

Answer 4

It is an antagonist of folic acid that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Methotrexate is used in RA treatment but is contraindicated in pregnancy.

Question 5

What are the side effects of methotrexate?

Answer 5

• Mucosal ulceration
• Nausea
• Cytopenia
• Cirrhosis

Liver function should be evaluated regularly.

Question 6

What is the mechanism of action of hydroxychloroquine?

Answer 6

Inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, leukocyte chemotaxis, and phospholipase A2

It is used for early or mild RA.

Question 7

List the side effects of hydroxychloroquine.

Answer 7

• Ocular toxicity
• Gastrointestinal disturbances
• Central nervous system alterations
• Skin discoloration and rashes

Ocular toxicity can lead to irreversible retinal damage.

Question 8

What is the role of leflunomide in RA treatment?

Answer 8

Inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)

This action prevents the production of autoantibodies by lymphocytes.

Question 9

True or False: Leflunomide is safe to use during pregnancy.

Answer 9

False

Leflunomide is contraindicated in pregnancy.

Question 10

What are the side effects of leflunomide?

Answer 10

• Headache
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Weight loss
• Allergic reactions
• Skin rash
• Alopecia
• Hepatotoxicity

Leflunomide has multiple adverse effects that need monitoring.

Question 11

What is the primary function of NSAIDs in RA treatment?

Answer 11

Reduce inflammation and relieve pain

Examples include ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and celecoxib.

Question 12

What are the side effects associated with NSAIDs?

Answer 12

• Gastrointestinal issues
• Ulcers
• Hepatic damage
• Prothrombotic effects (especially COX-2 inhibitors)

Patients should be monitored for these complications.

Question 13

What are glucocorticoids used for in RA?

Answer 13

Potent anti-inflammatory and immune system suppressors

Common examples include prednisone, methylprednisolone, and triamcinolone.

Question 14

What is the mechanism of action of JAK inhibitors?

Answer 14

Inhibit Janus kinases (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2)

This blocks cellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation.

Question 15

List the side effects of JAK inhibitors.

Answer 15

• Risk of anemia
• Neoplasms
• Infections
• Weight gain
• Osteoporosis
• Hypertension

Regular monitoring of hemoglobin, lymphocytes, and neutrophils is necessary.

Question 16

What is the role of Adalimumab in RA treatment?

Answer 16

Inhibits TNF-alpha

Administered subcutaneously, it is used to reduce inflammatory responses.

Question 17

What are the common side effects of TNF-alpha inhibitors?

Answer 17

• Headache
• Nausea
• Injection site reactions
• Risk of infection

These are general side effects seen across different TNF-alpha inhibitors.

Question 18

What is the mechanism of Rituximab?

Answer 18

Targets CD20 antigen to inactivate B lymphocytes

It is administered via IV infusion.

Question 19

What are the side effects of Rituximab?

Answer 19

• Urticaria
• Hypotension
• Angioedema

These effects can be mitigated with premedication.

Question 20

True or False: Tocilizumab inhibits IL-6.

Answer 20

True

It is used in RA treatment and can cause various side effects including allergic reactions.