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paper 1 mock nov. 2022 > Injury Prevention & the Rehabilitation of Injury > Flashcards

Injury Prevention & the Rehabilitation of Injury Flashcards

1
Q

how does clothing with padding help maximise performance and avoid injury

A
  • for exmaple shoulder girdle in american football helps prevent fractures and dislocations
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2
Q

what are the 6Rs for

A

recognising a concussion

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3
Q

what do the 6 Rs stand for

A
  • recognise
  • remove
  • refer
  • rest
  • recover
  • return
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4
Q

describe the ‘recognise’ in the 6 Rs

A
  • parents, players , coaches, officials should be aware of the signs and symptoms of a concussion
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5
Q

describe the ‘remove’ of the 6Rs

A

if a player has concussion or is suspected to have concussion they must be removed from field of play

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6
Q

describe the ‘refer’ of the 6Rs

A

must go to a qualified healthcare professional to assess and treat the conditition

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7
Q

describe the ‘rest’ of the 6Rs

A

players must rest form exercise until symptom free and not be left alone for 24 hours

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8
Q

describe the ‘recover’ of the 6Rs

A

player must FULLY recover before returning to play
adults minimum 1 week
under 18s 2 weeks

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9
Q

describe the ‘return’ of the 6Rs

A

to return to play the athlete must be symptom free and have written authorisation to return

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10
Q

define rehabilitation

A

the process of restoring full physical function after injury has returned

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11
Q

describe the three stages of rehabilitation

A

-early stage = gentle exercise encouraging damaged tissue to heal
- mid stage = progressive loading of connective tissues and bones to develop strength
- late stage = functional exercises and drills to ensure the body is ready to return to training

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12
Q

what is the aim of a massage

A

to prevent or relieve soft tissue injuries

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13
Q

how can regular exercise lead to injury

A

regular exercise results in a build p of of tension in a muscle which will place stress on the muscle as well as the joints, tendons and ligaments

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14
Q

what are the benefits of a sports massage

A
  • increases blood flow to soft tissue so more oxygen and nutrients can pass through to help repair any damage
  • removes lactic acid
  • causes scratching of soft tissue to relieve tension and pressure
  • breaks down scar tissue which if not removed can lead to mobility problems in muscles tendons and ligaments
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15
Q

what is the aim of cold therapy

A

as method of recovery cold therapy is useful after intense exercise where it can target any minor aches and pains

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16
Q

describe the benefits of cold therapy

A
  • cooling the surface of the skin using ice gives pain relief and causes vasoconstriction of the blood vessels which decreases blood flow and reduces bleeding or swelling
  • a decrease in swelling enables the muscle to have more movement
  • ice can also reduce muscle spasms by decreasing motor activity
  • speed of nerve impulse slows down due to cold conditions
  • metabolic rate also decreased
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17
Q

what are the benefits of heat therapy

A

vasodilation of blood vessels increasing blood flow to, decreasing muscle tension, stiffness and pain

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18
Q

what are the risks of heat therapy

A
  • increased swelling and pain after acute injury
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19
Q

what are the uses of heat therapy

A
  • chronic injuries
  • late stage acute injuries before exercise
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20
Q

what are the benefits of cold therapy

A

vasoconstriction of blood vessels decrease blood flow, swelling and pain

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21
Q

describe the risks of cold therapy

A
  • tissue and nerve damage if in contact for too long
  • skin abrasions if direct contact
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22
Q

what are the uses of cold therapy

A
  • acute injuries
  • after exercise to relieve symptoms of exercise- induced muscles soreness
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23
Q

what are the benefits of contrast therapy

A
  • large increases in blood flow and nutrient delivery to damaged tissue
  • decreased swelling and pain
24
Q

what are the risks of contrast therapy

A
  • limited benefit over and above cold therapy
25
Q

what are the uses of contrast therapy

A
  • acute injuries after bleeding and inflammation have stopped
  • to relive symptoms of exercise induced muscle damage
26
Q

describe the first phase of physiotherapy

A

pain relief, minimise swelling, ice therapy, and shoulder sling for support

27
Q

describe the second phase of physiotherapy

A

tailored exercises to maintain rotator cuff muscle strength

28
Q

describe the third phase of physiotherapy

A

restore normal range of motion, muscle length, connective tissue mobility and resting muscle tension about joint with mobilitisation, massage, stretching and possibly acupuncture

29
Q

define physiotherapy

A

physical treatment of injuries and disease using methods such as mobilisation, massage, exercise therapy, and postural training

30
Q

what can physiotherapy consist of

A
  • mobilisation and manipulation of joints and tissues
  • electrotherapy to repair and stimulate tissues
  • exercise therapy to strengthen muscles
  • massage to stretch and relax tissues, relieve pain and increase circulation
  • sport-specific rehabilitation programme design and advice
  • posture and alignment training to release tension, minimise injury and maximise power output
31
Q

what medical attention is needed after a fracture

A
  • assess the injury
  • immobilise the area correctly
32
Q

define a simple fracture

A

break in bone which causes little movement to the bone placement, minimising damage to the tissues

33
Q

what are signs and symptoms of a simple fracture

A
  • severe pain at fracture site
  • loss of movement
  • swelling
  • discoloration
34
Q

what are potential causes of a simple fracture

A

excessive impact force from collision, falling or poor technique

35
Q

what is the general treatment for a simple fracture

A
  • medical attention
  • PRICE to reduce swelling if it doesn’t cause pain
  • immobilisation to assist healing process (splint, cast, sling)
  • anti-inflammatory and pain medication
  • more severe fractures may require surgery to realign bone with pins, wires etc.
36
Q

define a stress fracture

A

tiny crack in the bone surface

37
Q

what are signs and symptoms of a stress fracture

A
  • specific spots of pain during activity increasing further with use
38
Q

what are the potential causes of a stress fracture

A

overtraining
- intensity overload
- fatigue
- unfamiliar srfaces
- inappropriate equipment use

39
Q

what is the general treatment of a stress fracture

A
  • medical attention
  • PRICE to reduce swelling
  • rest for around 2 weeks and activity avoidance for a further 8 weeks to prevent larger more complex fractures
  • immobilisation may be used to limit activity using a splint or brace
  • a gentle return to exercise accompanies by posture and alignment training
  • strengthening exercises for the surrounding connective tissue
  • healing may take a significant period of time
40
Q

define a dislocation

A

displacement of one bone form another from their original position

41
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of a dislocation

A

severe pain, loss of movement, deformity, swelling and a ‘pop’ feeling

42
Q

what are some potential causes of a dislocation

A

excessive impact force from collision or fall

43
Q

what is a general treatment of a dislocation

A
  • immediate medical attention
  • immobilisation using a splint, sling etc
  • PRICE to reduce swelling and relieve pain
  • anti-inflammatory and pain medication
  • more severe/ repeated dislocations might require surgery to realign and pin bones to their original point
44
Q

define a sprain

A

damage to the ligaments hat connect bone to bone

45
Q

signs and symptoms of a psrain

A

pain., swelling, discoloration, inability to bear weight

46
Q

what are some potential causes of a sprain

A

sudeen twist, impact or fall that forces the joint beyond its extreme range of motion

47
Q

what is the general treatment of a sprain

A
  • medical attention in severe cases
  • PRICE to reduce swelling
  • immobilisation or support using strapping, brace etc.
  • anti-inflammatory and pain medication
  • functional rehabilitation, strengthening, mobility and balance exercises
  • 3rd degree sever sprains may require reconstructive surgery
48
Q

define torn cartilage

A

a tear in the articular or fibrocartilage within a joint

49
Q

what are signs and symptoms of torn cartilage

A

associated damage to the ligaments which causes pain and swelling
- a clunking or popping sensation and locking of knee

50
Q

what are some potential causes of torn cartilage

A

sudden twist, impact or fall, torn ligaments and dislocation

51
Q

what is the general treatment of torn cartilage

A
  • medical attention
  • PRICE to reduce pain and swelling
  • anti-inflammatory and pain medication
  • physiotherapy to strengthen connective tissue and restore range of motion
  • knee brace can aid joint stability
  • hydrotherapy to maintain fitness without bearing weight
  • arthroscopy surgery in persistent cases to remove flaps or jagged sections and to smooth the meniscus
    -recovery can be slow as cartilage does not have a bood supply
52
Q

define exercise induced muscle soreness

A

microscopic injury to the muscle fibres

53
Q

what are signs and symptoms of exercise induced muscle soreness

A

pain, tenderness, swelling, stiffness, decreased range of motion and strength peaking 24-72 hours post exercise

54
Q

what are potential causes of exercise induced muscle soreness

A

excessive eccentric exercise

55
Q

what is the general treatment for exercise induced muscle soreness

A
  • pain associated with DOMS can be reduced by
  • cold therapy
  • massage and stretching techniques
  • anti-inflammatory and pain medication
    medical attention should be sought if there us heavy swelling or dark urine as this may indicate the muscle damage has affected the kidneys

paper 1 mock nov. 2022 (10 decks)

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