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paper 1 mock nov. 2022 > Injury Prevention & the Rehabilitation of Injury > Flashcards

Injury Prevention & the Rehabilitation of Injury Flashcards

1
Q

how does clothing with padding help maximise performance and avoid injury

A
  • for exmaple shoulder girdle in american football helps prevent fractures and dislocations
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2
Q

what are the 6Rs for

A

recognising a concussion

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3
Q

what do the 6 Rs stand for

A
  • recognise
  • remove
  • refer
  • rest
  • recover
  • return
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4
Q

describe the ‘recognise’ in the 6 Rs

A
  • parents, players , coaches, officials should be aware of the signs and symptoms of a concussion
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5
Q

describe the ‘remove’ of the 6Rs

A

if a player has concussion or is suspected to have concussion they must be removed from field of play

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6
Q

describe the ‘refer’ of the 6Rs

A

must go to a qualified healthcare professional to assess and treat the conditition

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7
Q

describe the ‘rest’ of the 6Rs

A

players must rest form exercise until symptom free and not be left alone for 24 hours

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8
Q

describe the ‘recover’ of the 6Rs

A

player must FULLY recover before returning to play
adults minimum 1 week
under 18s 2 weeks

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9
Q

describe the ‘return’ of the 6Rs

A

to return to play the athlete must be symptom free and have written authorisation to return

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10
Q

define rehabilitation

A

the process of restoring full physical function after injury has returned

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11
Q

describe the three stages of rehabilitation

A

-early stage = gentle exercise encouraging damaged tissue to heal
- mid stage = progressive loading of connective tissues and bones to develop strength
- late stage = functional exercises and drills to ensure the body is ready to return to training

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12
Q

what is the aim of a massage

A

to prevent or relieve soft tissue injuries

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13
Q

how can regular exercise lead to injury

A

regular exercise results in a build p of of tension in a muscle which will place stress on the muscle as well as the joints, tendons and ligaments

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14
Q

what are the benefits of a sports massage

A
  • increases blood flow to soft tissue so more oxygen and nutrients can pass through to help repair any damage
  • removes lactic acid
  • causes scratching of soft tissue to relieve tension and pressure
  • breaks down scar tissue which if not removed can lead to mobility problems in muscles tendons and ligaments
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15
Q

what is the aim of cold therapy

A

as method of recovery cold therapy is useful after intense exercise where it can target any minor aches and pains

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16
Q

describe the benefits of cold therapy

A
  • cooling the surface of the skin using ice gives pain relief and causes vasoconstriction of the blood vessels which decreases blood flow and reduces bleeding or swelling
  • a decrease in swelling enables the muscle to have more movement
  • ice can also reduce muscle spasms by decreasing motor activity
  • speed of nerve impulse slows down due to cold conditions
  • metabolic rate also decreased
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17
Q

what are the benefits of heat therapy

A

vasodilation of blood vessels increasing blood flow to, decreasing muscle tension, stiffness and pain

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18
Q

what are the risks of heat therapy

A
  • increased swelling and pain after acute injury
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19
Q

what are the uses of heat therapy

A
  • chronic injuries
  • late stage acute injuries before exercise
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20
Q

what are the benefits of cold therapy

A

vasoconstriction of blood vessels decrease blood flow, swelling and pain

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21
Q

describe the risks of cold therapy

A
  • tissue and nerve damage if in contact for too long
  • skin abrasions if direct contact
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22
Q

what are the uses of cold therapy

A
  • acute injuries
  • after exercise to relieve symptoms of exercise- induced muscles soreness
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23
Q

what are the benefits of contrast therapy

A
  • large increases in blood flow and nutrient delivery to damaged tissue
  • decreased swelling and pain
24
Q

what are the risks of contrast therapy

A
  • limited benefit over and above cold therapy
25
what are the uses of contrast therapy
- acute injuries after bleeding and inflammation have stopped - to relive symptoms of exercise induced muscle damage
26
describe the first phase of physiotherapy
pain relief, minimise swelling, ice therapy, and shoulder sling for support
27
describe the second phase of physiotherapy
tailored exercises to maintain rotator cuff muscle strength
28
describe the third phase of physiotherapy
restore normal range of motion, muscle length, connective tissue mobility and resting muscle tension about joint with mobilitisation, massage, stretching and possibly acupuncture
29
define physiotherapy
physical treatment of injuries and disease using methods such as mobilisation, massage, exercise therapy, and postural training
30
what can physiotherapy consist of
- mobilisation and manipulation of joints and tissues - electrotherapy to repair and stimulate tissues - exercise therapy to strengthen muscles - massage to stretch and relax tissues, relieve pain and increase circulation - sport-specific rehabilitation programme design and advice - posture and alignment training to release tension, minimise injury and maximise power output
31
what medical attention is needed after a fracture
- assess the injury - immobilise the area correctly
32
define a simple fracture
break in bone which causes little movement to the bone placement, minimising damage to the tissues
33
what are signs and symptoms of a simple fracture
- severe pain at fracture site - loss of movement - swelling - discoloration
34
what are potential causes of a simple fracture
excessive impact force from collision, falling or poor technique
35
what is the general treatment for a simple fracture
- medical attention - PRICE to reduce swelling if it doesn't cause pain - immobilisation to assist healing process (splint, cast, sling) - anti-inflammatory and pain medication - more severe fractures may require surgery to realign bone with pins, wires etc.
36
define a stress fracture
tiny crack in the bone surface
37
what are signs and symptoms of a stress fracture
- specific spots of pain during activity increasing further with use
38
what are the potential causes of a stress fracture
overtraining - intensity overload - fatigue - unfamiliar srfaces - inappropriate equipment use
39
what is the general treatment of a stress fracture
- medical attention - PRICE to reduce swelling - rest for around 2 weeks and activity avoidance for a further 8 weeks to prevent larger more complex fractures - immobilisation may be used to limit activity using a splint or brace - a gentle return to exercise accompanies by posture and alignment training - strengthening exercises for the surrounding connective tissue - healing may take a significant period of time
40
define a dislocation
displacement of one bone form another from their original position
41
what are the signs and symptoms of a dislocation
severe pain, loss of movement, deformity, swelling and a 'pop' feeling
42
what are some potential causes of a dislocation
excessive impact force from collision or fall
43
what is a general treatment of a dislocation
- immediate medical attention - immobilisation using a splint, sling etc - PRICE to reduce swelling and relieve pain - anti-inflammatory and pain medication - more severe/ repeated dislocations might require surgery to realign and pin bones to their original point
44
define a sprain
damage to the ligaments hat connect bone to bone
45
signs and symptoms of a psrain
pain., swelling, discoloration, inability to bear weight
46
what are some potential causes of a sprain
sudeen twist, impact or fall that forces the joint beyond its extreme range of motion
47
what is the general treatment of a sprain
- medical attention in severe cases - PRICE to reduce swelling - immobilisation or support using strapping, brace etc. - anti-inflammatory and pain medication - functional rehabilitation, strengthening, mobility and balance exercises - 3rd degree sever sprains may require reconstructive surgery
48
define torn cartilage
a tear in the articular or fibrocartilage within a joint
49
what are signs and symptoms of torn cartilage
associated damage to the ligaments which causes pain and swelling - a clunking or popping sensation and locking of knee
50
what are some potential causes of torn cartilage
sudden twist, impact or fall, torn ligaments and dislocation
51
what is the general treatment of torn cartilage
- medical attention - PRICE to reduce pain and swelling - anti-inflammatory and pain medication - physiotherapy to strengthen connective tissue and restore range of motion - knee brace can aid joint stability - hydrotherapy to maintain fitness without bearing weight - arthroscopy surgery in persistent cases to remove flaps or jagged sections and to smooth the meniscus -recovery can be slow as cartilage does not have a bood supply
52
define exercise induced muscle soreness
microscopic injury to the muscle fibres
53
what are signs and symptoms of exercise induced muscle soreness
pain, tenderness, swelling, stiffness, decreased range of motion and strength peaking 24-72 hours post exercise
54
what are potential causes of exercise induced muscle soreness
excessive eccentric exercise
55
what is the general treatment for exercise induced muscle soreness
- pain associated with DOMS can be reduced by - cold therapy - massage and stretching techniques - anti-inflammatory and pain medication medical attention should be sought if there us heavy swelling or dark urine as this may indicate the muscle damage has affected the kidneys

paper 1 mock nov. 2022 (10 decks)

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