Injury and Prevention Flashcards
What are the types of injury?
Traumatic and Overuse
Traumatic
- One off overload of the system
- Often due to the impact mechanism
Overuse
- Repeated loading of the system
- Damage builds up overtime
- Symptoms often appear gradually
- Load of excessive magnitude can cause failure
Acute
First injury episode
Chronic
Recurrence of previous injury
How do we quantify injury
- Injury definition
- Injury Severity
- Reporting injury data
- Injury Burden
- Injury classification
Injury definition
- medical attention
- time loss injury
- different definitions appropriate for different scenarios
Injury severity
usually defined by time loss
Reporting injury data
- absolute numbers
- proportions
incidence rate ([no. injuries/total injuries] x 100) - injuries per 100 playing hour, athlete exposures or matches
- number of matches per injury
- match and training injury data seperate
Injury burden
= injury incidence x average severity
- unit - days absence per 1000 playing hours
Injury Classification
- injury location
- injury type
- match/type
- contact/non contact
- ORCHARD sport injury classification system
What are risk factors?
Any attribute, characteristic or exposure of that increases the likelihood of developing injury
How do we classify risk factors?
- intrinsic factors (related to that particular person)
- extrinsic factors (external to the person)
- modifiable or non modifiable
Intrinsic risk factors
- previous injury
- genetic factors
- other anatomical & physical characteristics
malalignment
muscle imbalance
leg length discrepancy
lack of flexibility
sex, size & body composition
External risk factors
- environmental condition
- Surface
- Equipment
- Sport - modifiable by rule changes
Both extrinsic and intrinsic
- training errors (intensity+technique)
- inadequate diet
Why does injury occur?
Sport injury causation model risk factor for injury --> Age, Sex, Muscle imbalance, Previous injury --> Predisposed athlete --> Susceptible athlete Mechanism of injury --> Injury
Injury Prevention
Minimising risk factors in order to reduce the likelihood of injury.
For Step Sequence of Injury Prevention Research
1) Magnitude of the problem
- Injury surveillance
- Injury incidence
- Types of injury
2) Causes
- Playing situation
- player behaviour
- gross biomechanics
- joint biomechanics
3) Idea for prevention
- based on modifiable risk factors and mechanism of injury
4) Assessing its effectiveness
