Injury and Prevention

Question 1

What are the types of injury?

Answer 1

Traumatic and Overuse

Question 2

Traumatic

Answer 2

• One off overload of the system

- Often due to the impact mechanism

Question 3

Overuse

Answer 3

• Repeated loading of the system
• Damage builds up overtime
• Symptoms often appear gradually
• Load of excessive magnitude can cause failure

Question 4

Acute

Answer 4

First injury episode

Question 5

Chronic

Answer 5

Recurrence of previous injury

Question 6

How do we quantify injury

Answer 6

• Injury definition
• Injury Severity
• Reporting injury data
• Injury Burden
• Injury classification

Question 7

Injury definition

Answer 7

• medical attention
• time loss injury
• different definitions appropriate for different scenarios

Question 8

Injury severity

Answer 8

usually defined by time loss

Question 9

Reporting injury data

Answer 9

• absolute numbers
• proportions
  incidence rate ([no. injuries/total injuries] x 100)
• injuries per 100 playing hour, athlete exposures or matches
• number of matches per injury
• match and training injury data seperate

Question 10

Injury burden

Answer 10

= injury incidence x average severity

- unit - days absence per 1000 playing hours

Question 11

Injury Classification

Answer 11

• injury location
• injury type
• match/type
• contact/non contact
• ORCHARD sport injury classification system

Question 12

What are risk factors?

Answer 12

Any attribute, characteristic or exposure of that increases the likelihood of developing injury

Question 13

How do we classify risk factors?

Answer 13

• intrinsic factors (related to that particular person)
• extrinsic factors (external to the person)
• modifiable or non modifiable

Question 14

Intrinsic risk factors

Answer 14

• previous injury
• genetic factors
• other anatomical & physical characteristics
  malalignment
  muscle imbalance
  leg length discrepancy
  lack of flexibility
  sex, size & body composition

Question 15

External risk factors

Answer 15

• environmental condition
• Surface
• Equipment
• Sport - modifiable by rule changes

Question 16

Both extrinsic and intrinsic

Answer 16

• training errors (intensity+technique)

- inadequate diet

Question 17

Why does injury occur?

Answer 17

Sport injury causation model 
risk factor for injury
--> Age, Sex, Muscle imbalance, Previous injury
--> Predisposed athlete
--> Susceptible athlete
Mechanism of injury
--> Injury

Question 18

Injury Prevention

Answer 18

Minimising risk factors in order to reduce the likelihood of injury.

Question 19

For Step Sequence of Injury Prevention Research

Answer 19

1) Magnitude of the problem
- Injury surveillance
- Injury incidence
- Types of injury
2) Causes
- Playing situation
- player behaviour
- gross biomechanics
- joint biomechanics
3) Idea for prevention
- based on modifiable risk factors and mechanism of injury
4) Assessing its effectiveness