Injuries and Clinical Appearance

Question 1

Painful Arc

Answer 1

Subacromial Impingement

= supraspinatus trapped in subacromial space (can be due to increase in size of contents eg inflammation or decrease in space eg bony prominences)

Question 2

Pain + restricted passive + active movement of shoulder

Answer 2

Frozen shoulder

= inflammation of shoulder joint lining

Question 3

Area of pain on outside of forearm at lateral epicondyle

Answer 3

Tennis Elbow

Tendinopathy (pain and swelling) flexor in origin

Question 4

Shooting pains + loss of sensation in ulnar area of hand

Answer 4

Cubital tunnel syndrome

= compression of the ulnar nerve at medial epicondyle

Question 5

Area of pain inside of forearm at medial epicondyle

Answer 5

Golfers Elbow

Tendinopathy (pain and swelling) extensor in origin

Question 6

Crepitus in shoulder
Pain
Weakness

Answer 6

Rotator Cuff tear

Question 7

Loss of sensation in badge area

Answer 7

Axillary nerve damage

+ causes weak deltoid

(probably caused by dislocation of humerus or fracture at neck of humerus)

Question 8

REMEMBER

first 30 degrees shoulder abduction =

Answer 8

movement of glenohumeral joint

last 60 degrees = movement of scapula

Question 9

Wrist drop

Answer 9

damage to radial nerve

possibly caused by fracture of humerus (mid shaft damaging nerve in radial groove)

Paralysis of extensor muscles

Question 10

Waiters tip

Answer 10

Erbs palsy
(axillary nerve)
Damage to erbs point - where C5 + 6 join together
Caused by hyperextension of head from shoulder

Question 11

Claw hand

Answer 11

Klumpkes palsy

injury to lower trunk of brachial plexus - C8 + T1 (ulnar nerve)
Caused by over abduction of the arm
Paralyse interossei muscles

Question 12

protrusion of scapula (winging)

Answer 12

damage to long thoracic nerve

supplies serratus anterior which acts to pull the scapula into the thoracic cage (protracts scapula)

commonly damaged during mastectomy

Question 13

loss of sensation in lateral forearm

Answer 13

damage to musculocutaneous nerve

likely also paralysis of BBC muscles (probably caused by injury to the axilla)

Question 14

pain / numb / paraesthesia in fingers

Answer 14

carpal tunnel syndrome

caused by compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel (underneath flexor retinaculum)

Question 15

Trendelenberg gait

Answer 15

Damage to superior gluteal nerve supplying abductor muscles of the hip

Often damaged in hip replacement surgery

Question 16

swelling in front of knee

Answer 16

housemaids knee

= prepatellar buritis

Question 17

foot drop

Answer 17

injury to common perineal nerve

effects muscles in anterior compartment of leg
often caused by fracture of fibula

Question 18

pain in the heel

Answer 18

plantar fasciitis

caused by running / increase in weight / age

Question 19

unsteady gate

Answer 19

can be caused by pressure on spinal cord (myelopathy)

Question 20

Flat foot

Answer 20

Fallen arches caused by dysfunction of tibialis posterior