Injections and blood collection Flashcards
Angle for IM injection
90
Angle for SQ injection
45
Angle for IV injections
20-30
Angle for ID injections
10-15
ID is used for
- Used for skin testing, allergy testing, or to desensitize
skin with local anesthetic. - Dogs: allergy testing or for skin desensitizing wherever
needed. - Cattle: tuberculosis testing.
- Horses: used for allergy testing on the side of the neck and
for treatment of sarcoid or nodular skin lesions.
Maximum volume injected IM
2ml felin, 3-5ml canine
Max volume for ID injection
0.1ml per site
Sites for IM injections
- Lumbodorsal muscles
- Back - lateral to dorsal spinous processes of lumbar spine
- not recommended for very thin dogs
- Semimembranosus or semitendinosus muscles
- hind limbs caudal to femur
- Triceps muscles
- front limbs caudal to humerus
- Quadriceps muscles
- Hind limbs cranial to femur
- Neck is never used for intramuscular injection in small
animals
Lumbodorsal IM injection
Palpate the dorsal spinous processes between the 13th rib and iliac crest.
* Insert the needles 2-3 cm off midline into the lumbar muscles at a 90° angle (perpendicular) to the skin
Semimembranosus/ Semitendinosus IM injection
- Thumb placed in groove just caudal to the femur
- Insert the needle caudal to femur with tip directed caudally.
- This avoids any risk of damage to the sciatic nerve
Triceps IM injection
- Muscle belly is grasped in noninjecting hand with the thumb on the humerus.
- Insert the needle caudal to the humerus and at a 90°angle with the needle tip directed caudally.
Quadriceps IM injection
- Thumb of noninjecting hand is placed on lateral femur.
- Needle is inserted cranial to the femur at a 90°angle with the tip directed cranially.
Complications with IV injections
- Hemorrhage/hematoma
- Muscle damage
- Nerve damage
- Thrombophlebitis
Why IV injection
- Used to administer medications, fluids, blood transfusions, or collect blood samples.
- Medications are absorbed quickly by this route
Max volume for SQ injection
30-60ml/site
Common problems with venipuncture
- Vein “blows”
- bleeding around puncture site which forms a hematoma (bruise).
- This can lead discomfort for the animal and an inability to collect blood from that vessel until it resolves (days to weeks)
- Blood clots before you can put it into the tube
- Usually from a very slow bleeding/small vein
- If collection is very slow may want to collect blood for one tube and get it into the tube, then do a second poke to collect the rest of your sample
- Get a flash but then unable to collect blood
- This is usually from having to adjust your hand (needle moves out of the vein)
Why is accidentally hitting other structures a problem
Accidentally hitting other nearby structures
* This is the biggest safety concern!
* With most veins, there is both an artery and a nerve close by.
* Hitting an artery can cause a large amount of bleeding.
* Hitting a nerve can cause pain and/or nerve damage.
* Biggest concern is with the jugular vein
* Not only do the carotid artery, and a nerve run close, but the trachea is also quite close.
* Good restraint is essential to prevent patient movement
* Know your landmarks and ensure you can palpate the vein before inserting the needle
ID needle size for cats and small dogs
25g-30g 5/8”-1/2”
SQ needle size for cats and small dogs
Volume < 1mL: 25g 1/2”-1”
Volume > 1mL: 22g 1”
IM needle size for cats and small dogs
25g 1/2”-1”
IV needle size for cats and small dogs
25g 1/2”-1”
ID needle size for med/lg dogs
25g-27g 5/8”-1/2”
SQ needle size for med/lg dogs
20g-22g 1”
IM needle size for med/lg dogs
22g-25g 1/2”-1”
IV needle size for med/lg dogs
22g 1/2”-1”
ID equine needle size
25g-27g 1/2”-5/8”
SQ equine needle size
20g-25g 1/2”-1”
IV equine needle size
18g-20g 1.5”
IM equine needle size
18g-20g 1.5”
ID bovine needle size
20g-22g 1.5”
SQ bovine needle size
16g 2”
IM bovine needle size
16g 1.5”
IV bovine needle size
Jugular 14g-18g 1.5”-2”
Coccygeal 18g-20g 1.5”
