Initial Vocab

Question 1

Logic

Answer 1

Study of methods for evaluating whether the premises of an argument adequately supports its conclusion

Question 2

Argument

Answer 2

Set of statements where some of the statements are intended to support another

Question 3

Premise

Answer 3

Statement offered in support in an argument

Question 4

Conclusion

Answer 4

Claim statement to be supported

Question 5

Statement

Answer 5

Declarative sentence that has a truth value (is either true or false)

Question 6

True

Answer 6

Describes things as they are

Question 7

False

Answer 7

Describes thing as they are not

Question 8

Deductive Argument

Answer 8

One in which the premises are intended to guarantee the conclusion

Question 9

Inductive argument

Answer 9

One in which the premises are intended to make the conclusion probable, with no guarantee

Question 10

Deductive Logic

Answer 10

Study of methods for evaluating whether the premises of an argument guarantee its conclusion

Question 11

Inductive logic

Answer 11

Study of methods for evaluating whether the premises of an argument make its conclusion probable

Question 12

Valid Argument

Answer 12

One in which it is necessary, that if the premises are true, then the conclusion is true

Question 13

Invalid Argument

Answer 13

One in which it is not necessary that, if the premises are true, then the conclusion is true

Question 14

Sound Argument

Answer 14

A valid argument in which all of the premises are true

Question 15

Unsound Argument

Answer 15

Is either invalid or has at least one false premise

Question 16

Argument Form

Answer 16

Pattern of reasoning

Question 17

Modus Ponens

Answer 17

1. If A, then B
2. A
   So, 3. B

Question 18

Substitution Instance

Answer 18

An argument that results from uniformly replacing the variables in that form with statements (or terms)

Question 19

Valid Argument Form

Answer 19

One in which every substitution instance is valid argument

Question 20

Formally Valid Argument

Answer 20

One that is valid in virtue of its form

Question 21

Conditional Statement

Answer 21

An If-Then statement (also called a conditional)

Question 22

Antecedent

Answer 22

The ‘If’ clause of a conditional

Question 23

Consequent

Answer 23

The ‘Then’ clause of a conditional

Question 24

Modus Tollens

Answer 24

1. If A, then B
2. Not B
   So, 3. Not A

Question 25

Negation

Answer 25

Of a statement is its denial

Question 26

Hypothetical Syllogism

Answer 26

1. If A, then B
2. If B, then C
   So, 3. If A, then C

Question 27

Disjunction

Answer 27

An either-or statement

Question 28

Disjuncts

Answer 28

The parts of a disjunction

Question 29

Disjunctive Syllogism

Answer 29

1. Either A or B
2. Not A
   So, 3. B

OR

1. Either A or B
2. Not B
   So, 3. A

Question 30

Constructive Dilemma

Answer 30

1. Either A or B
2. If A, then C
3. If B, then D
   So, 4. Either C or D