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Forensic science: midterm > Initial response and scene security > Flashcards

Initial response and scene security Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is called within the three-tiered response:

A

Police, Emg’s, and the Fire department

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2
Q

T or F: the safety of first responders is paramount

A

True

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3
Q

What comes after the priority of first responders?

A

Preservation of life (if the person is not deceased)

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4
Q

What must be first established on a scene?

A

An inner and outer perimeter, but also a “path of contamination”

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5
Q

Path of Contamination:

A

Asses boundaries and instructs first responders how to enter and exit the scene.
- Least likely to have evidence or to be travelled by suspect and victim.

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6
Q

What is the role of the responding officer?

A

Ensure safety of first responders. . .
- Asses’s scene and secure (path of contamination)
- Documentation
- Transference of responsibility

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7
Q

What further establishes scene safety?

A

Looking for immediate threats to first responders
- Render scene (see if suspect is on scene)

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8
Q

Lifesaving measures are done once . . .

A

Scene is deemed safe

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9
Q

Scene security is preserved through . . .

A
  • Phsysical presence
  • Police line tape
    -Locks/barriers
  • method depends
  • barricades (vehicles)
  • Methods (scope/location)
  • Death investigation (tents to conceal death)
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10
Q

What perimeters are there?

A

Inner and Outer

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11
Q

Inner:

A

Core area where criminal act occurred

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12
Q

Outer:

A

Includes probable entry and exit routes
- police tape

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13
Q

Rule of thumb:

A

Designates a large perimeter
- Always better to make the Perimeter bigger, and then adjust.

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14
Q

Security log:

A

Documented notes of all peoples who enter and exit the scene

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15
Q

Who takes care of the security log:

A

Scene security officer

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16
Q

What does the scene security log contain?

A
  • Name and affiliation
  • Time and entry
  • Why their on the scene
  • Under whose authority
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17
Q

What does the security log ensure?

A
  • Crime scene and evidence
  • Possible contamination/cross contamination
    Especially in important cases where crime scene record evidence and analyzed (a lot of time)
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18
Q

What is the process of documentation?

A
  1. Entering scene
  2. Observe (take written notes)
  3. Document everything (including info surrounding dispatch and arrival at scene)
    - Even negative info (mistakes/honest errors disclosed)
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19
Q

T or F: It is also important to document witness statements

A

True

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20
Q

What causes contamination of evidence?

A

Human error, and not wearing PPE

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21
Q

What does PPE include?

A
  • Tyvek suits
  • Disposable shoe covers
  • Mask/other respiratory protection (covers mouth and nose)
  • Googles/eye protection
  • Face shield (prevent droplets of fluid)
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22
Q

Double glove technique:

A

Wear two purple nitrile gloves on top of one another
- Prevents accidental tear and contamination of evidence

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23
Q

T or F: the CSI is one of the first people to arrive at the scene

A

True

24
Q

Prelim assessment:

A

Ongoing process
- Initial walkthrough completed and takes notes.

25
Q

“Look but don’t touch”

A

Develop a plan and approach
- Dont touch evidence without PPE

26
Q

What does the initial walkthrough allow?

A
  • Determine the nature/extent of the scene
  • CSI may adjust the perimeter
  • Develop a theory of crime
  • Create a rough sketch (evidence location)
  • Develop team approach
  • Determine search technique
27
Q

What are two legal aspects when obtaining evidence?

A

Search and Seizure

28
Q

Search:

A

“Something that infringes one’s reasonable expectation of privacy”

29
Q

Seizure:

A

“The taking of a substance thing belonging to, or in care and control of persona by public authority”

30
Q

T or F: Reasonable searches and seizures are accepted as a valid social society mechanism

A

True

31
Q

“Everyone has the right to be secure against reasonable search and seizure”

A

Requires that unjust searches do not occur.
- Accomplished through pre-judicial authority

32
Q

Search warrants provide . . .

A
  1. Judicial review and authority
  2. No warrant= search unreasonable
    3, Prosecution must prove that the search is not unreasonable
33
Q

Expectations to pre-authorized search warrant

A
  1. Incident to arrest and investigative detention
  2. Consent and abandonment
  3. Plain view doctrine
  4. Exigent circumstancnces
34
Q

Incident to arrest and investigative detention:

A

May search person and immediate vicinity (arrest/seize) if the search is conducted (reasonable manner).

35
Q

Consent/abandonment:

A

Persona has reasonable expectation (privacy) in relation (entity) to be searched

                     Or  The property has been (abandoned.
36
Q

Plain view doctrine:

A

When conducting a lawful search and if one crime/evidence is in plain view (seize)

37
Q

Exigent circumstances:

A

If the court finds circumstances existed (required immediate) action (ensure safety)
- Evidence that isn’t feasible has to obtain judge authorization

38
Q

T or F: crime scene searches are intrusive

A

True

39
Q

T or F: searches are methodological and systematic

A

True

40
Q

Search team members must do the following when performing a search . . .

A
  • What method to use
  • How (conduct the search)
  • How (manage evidence found)
  • Mark items (without touching/altering)
  • Alert search leader
41
Q

What are the 6 search methods?

A
  • Strip
  • Grid
  • Link
  • Zone
  • Wheel
  • Spiral
42
Q

Strip method is also referred to as . . .

A

“Line method”

43
Q

Strip method:

A

Search in strips (2 by 4 wide)
- Multiple searches (form line where strips overlap)
1. Supervised (search leader)
2. Search (left to right)
3. Move (same pace)

44
Q

What is type of scene is the strip method best used for?

A

Outdoor scenes

45
Q

Grid method is also referred to as . . .

A

“Double strip” or “Double line method”

46
Q

Grid method:

A
  • Line search in one direction, change at a 90-degree angle, and search again
  • 2 searchers, line of searchers
47
Q

What are the pros and cons of the Grid method?

A

Pro: scene searched twice
- Not likely to miss any evidence
Con: Time consuming

48
Q

The link method is based on what theory?

A

Linkage theory

49
Q

What is the most common search method?

A

Link method

50
Q

Link method:

A

One thing influences/determines (process and outcome of another)
- Not Geometric (based on findings, observation, and logic)
- Probability (based on crime, evidence likely found in a particular location)

51
Q

Zone method:

A

Allows certain zones (prioritized)
- Best for scenes within defined zones.
- May utilize (other search methods for each zone)

52
Q

Wheel method is also referred to as . . .

A

“Ray” or “Pie” method

53
Q

Wheel method:

A

Search critical points and extend outward in straight lines.
- Not good in large scenes

54
Q

Spriral method:

A

Inward: start (outer boundary) and circle towards the critical point

              Vs.

Outward: Start at a critical point and extend outward.

Searcher traces regular pattern (fixed diameter)

55
Q

T or F: spiral method is best used for scenes without barriers

A

True

56
Q

What are the five steps of a vehicle search?

A
  1. Search interior
  2. Begin searching in segments (look for fingerprints)
  3. Research segments (search for evidence)
  4. Search trunk and hood
  5. Undercarriage searched
    - Generally reserved in instances where vehicle was in an accident.

Forensic science: midterm (6 decks)

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