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Med Micro test 4 > Initial > Flashcards

Initial Flashcards

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1
Q

E Coli Capsule

A

K Antigen

Causes: Neonatal Meningitidis
-Attaches to epithelium via Pili (from plasmid)

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2
Q

E Coli Gastroenteritis/Enterohemorrhagic

A

Shiga toxin! – Phage conversion

  • hemorrhagic colitis
  • **HUS- Hemolytic Uremic syndrome
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3
Q

HUS- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

A

hemolytic anemia, acute kidney failure (uremia), and a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)

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4
Q

E Coli ENTEROTOXINS

A

PLASMA

Travelers Diarrhea
infant diarrhea

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5
Q

Klebsiella pneumonia

A 
Polysaccharide SLIME (K)
-enterotoxin, pneumonia, diarrhea
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6
Q

Enterobacter aerogenes

A

Sepsis, UTI

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7
Q

Serrate marcenscens

A

RED PIGMENTED COLONY

Pneumonia, bacteremia, endocarditis, nosocomial infections

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8
Q

Proteus mirabilis

A

Enteritis, UTI, Bacteremia

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9
Q

Colicins

A

**Bateriocidin - Antibiotic like, kills other bacteria

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10
Q

Salmonella # of types

A

2500

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11
Q

Salmonella Diseases

A 
Typhoid/paratyphoid fever
-Enteric Fever
Asymptomatic colonization of GALL Bladder
Enteritis
Bacteremia
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12
Q

Salmonella Capsule and spread within host

A

Capsule: Vi antigen

Spread via: intracellular within macrophages

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13
Q

Salmonella Transmission

A

Eggs/dairy

Fecal-oral

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14
Q

Salmonella Vaccine?

A

Killed cell

Polysaccharide (typhoid)

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15
Q

Shigella 2 primary strains

A

Severe- Dysenteriae

Common- Sonnei –>Gastroenteritis shigellosis

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16
Q

Shigellosis/Gastroenteritis

A

Watery AND BLOODY diarrhea, abdominal cramps

  • Tenesmus
  • most dangerous* = Hemolytic colitis
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17
Q

Tenesmus

A

Constantly having to poo.

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18
Q

Shigella transmission

A

Fecal-oral

Crowded areas

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19
Q

Pathogenicity of Shigella

A

High, very few organisms needed for infection (less than 200 CFU)

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20
Q

Yersinia Pestis 3 diseases

A

Bubonic plague – Sylvatic fleas OR Urban rat/flea

Black death – Buboes

Plague pneumonia – Human spread

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21
Q

Yersinia Pestis Virulence

A

Type III Secretion system (inject toxins into host cells)
-Attacks phagocytes and prevents phagocytic killing

Absorbs organic iron

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22
Q

Yersinia Pestis Capsule

A

Protein-Polysaccharide

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23
Q

Yersinia Pestis Protection/vaccine

A

Natural infection - LIFE LONG IMMUNITY

Vaccine - Live or Killed

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24
Q

Yersinia Enterocolitica

A

ENTERIC infection

Bacteremia

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25
Q

Vibrio Cholerae Pandemic strands

A

01 and 0139

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26
Q

Vibrio cholera Virulent factors

A

Cholera toxin - Watery Diarrhea increases! cAMP (adenylate cyclase)
–ALSO an A-B toxin like diphtheria

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27
Q

V. Cholera transmission

A

fecal-oral

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28
Q

V. Cholera Vaccine?

A

Only for type 01
1-Dead cells
–w/Toxin B subunit
2-Live genetically engineered (subunit combination vaccine)
3-Oral – Short lived for travelers (same as type 1-dead cells)

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29
Q

H. Pylori Virulence

ALSO Campylobacter

A

Breaks down urea and mucous

BOTH Campylobacter and H.Pylori cause gastroenteritis (most common causes)

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30
Q

H. Pylori Immune response

A

Inflammation and associated cells accumulate and are ineffective against the pathogen.

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31
Q

H. Pylori diseases and progression

A

Gastritis –> B12 deficiency

Peptic ulcers –> Gastric ADENOcarcinoma

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32
Q

Legionella Pneumophila Diseases

A

Pontiac Fever – Mild

Legionnaires’ Disease – Severe pneumonia, Immunocompromised Paitents

33
Q

Legionella Pneu. Types, spread and AEROBICITY

A

Serotype 01 —-IS ALSO Aerobic

  • NOT contagious
  • Air-conditioning, WATER, etc
34
Q

Streptobacillus moniliformis Gram stain

A

GRAM NEG. (-)

35
Q

Streptobacillus Moniliformis aerobicity

A

It is aerobic

36
Q

Streptobacillus Moniliformis Diseases

A 
Rat-Bite Fever
Haverhill fever (MILK)
37
Q

Haemophilus Influenza Type

A

ENCAPSULATED type B is virulent

38
Q

Haemophilus Influenza Vaccine?

A

Conjugated Capsule of POLYRIBITOL Phosphate

-polyribitol phosphate is a component of some teichoic acids! (fun fact…)

39
Q

Unique feature of Haemophilus Influenza

A

It grows in satellite communities around staph Aureus due to its release of Factor V and S. Aureus lyses RBC to release Factor X

40
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosis Aerobicity

A

Aerobic (like Streptobacillus Moniliformis)

41
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosis Diseases (6)

A 
Pulmonary (LUNG) - concerns for CYSTIC FIBROSIS!
Skin (Burns)
UTI
Eye
Ear-Swimmer's
SECONDARY Bacteremia
42
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosis Virulence (structural-4)

A

Capsule (mucoid exo…)
Pili
LPS
Pyocyanin-inhibit cilia, IL-8, causes toxic ROS

43
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosis Virulence (enzymes-3)

A

Exotoxin A-Classic inhibition of protein synth - damage AND causes immunosuppression

Proverdin-Iron Siderophore and Exotoxin A activator

Antibiotic resistance-Antibiotic resistance

44
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosis transmission

A

Antibiotic treatments and Nosocomial.

45
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosis Treatment

A

Requires (usually multiple) SPECIFIC antibiotics, not broad spectrum, as they are resistant and may have been the cause of infection in the 1st place.

46
Q

Francisella =

A

Tularemia FROM RODENTS

47
Q

Francisella Tularensis (3 types and differentiation)

A

Ulceroglandular Tulari-Pus(s)tule and Lymphadenopathy

Oculoglandular Tulari-Lymphadenopathy

Pneumonic Tulari-Pneumonia and Sepsis, DEADLY!

48
Q

Brucella normal residents and aerobicity

A

Animals

Aerobic

49
Q

Brucella and Francisella used as

A

bioterrorism

50
Q

Brucella diseases

A

Brucellosis-UNDULANT FEVER! intermittent

Respiratory, GI, and BONE.

51
Q

Brucella within host

A

Facultative intracellular parasite

52
Q

Brucella vaccine?

A

Only for animals!

53
Q

Brucella types and their preferred hosts

A

Goats-Melitensis (LITE)
Swine-Suis
Cattle-Abortus (ABORT)
Dogs-Canis (CANines)

54
Q

Haemophilus Influenza Con’t

-who is at greatest risk of infection

A

Those with low complement, after a splenectomy

And CHILDREN-Meningitis

55
Q

Haemophilus Influenza Con’t

-Virulence Structural(3) and enzyme

A

Capsule - Polyribitol Phosphate (PRP-used in vaccine)

LPS - Meningitis

Pili - adherence

IgA1(ase) - allow for attachment/colonization on mucosal surface

56
Q

Other Haemophilus Influenza Vaccines (2)

A

Purified PRP with diphtheria toxOID

Pure PRP with N. Meningitidis outer membrane protein

57
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

A

Sexually transmitted

  • Males (SOFT chancre)
  • Females asymptomatic
58
Q

Treponema types

A

Pallidum-Syphilis

Yaws-
Pinta-
Bejel-
–These 3 are nonvenereal and xs react with Syphilis Ag.

59
Q

Treponema Pallidum

-Gram Stain

A

Too thin to gram stain

*Requires dark field microscopy

60
Q

Treponema Pallidum

-Virulence Structural(2) and enzyme

A

Outer membrane proteins (adherence)

Fibronectin - Prevents phagocytosis

Hyaluranidase - Perivascular infiltration!

61
Q

Treponema Pallidum

-Transmission (2)

A

Sex

Congenital

62
Q

Treponema Pallidum

-Detection

A

Detect with Darkfield or Fluorescent microscope
-STAGE 1 and 2
Detect with Serology
- In Later stages

63
Q

Treponema Pallidum

-Vaccine?

A

NO Vaccine

64
Q

Treponema Pallidum

-Treatment

A

PENICILLIN is the BOMB.

65
Q

Borrelia

-2 types

A

Recurrentis - Relapsing fever

Burgdorferi - Lyme disease

66
Q

Borrelia Recurrentis

-Transmission

A

Lice and ticks

67
Q 
Borrelia Recurrentis (relapsing fever)
-Symptomatic cycle
A

3-4 Days (incubation)
THEN-Febrile (high spirochetes in blood)

THEN- Afebrile (low spirochetes in blood)
They move to liver and spleen OR BRAIN!
Lasts 4-14 days.

Relapses into a less severe Febrile for up to 10cycles.

68
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi

-Transmission

A

Lyme disease transmitted by ticks

-At bite site there is a lesion called

69
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi

-At bite site there is a lesion called_______ ________

A

Erythema Migrans (I assume this is the “target lesion”

70
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi

-Time until symptoms

A

1 week - 2 years

71
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi

-Symptoms

A

Meningitis
Peripheral neuropathy
Encephalitis

Cardiac dysfunction

Joint pain and inflammation

72
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi

-Vaccine?

A

YES, it is a recombinant outer surface protein.

-ospA

73
Q

Leptospira

-aerobicity

A

Aerobic

74
Q

Leptospira

-Transmission

A

Accidental (from animals)

75
Q

Leptospira

-Normal symptoms

A

Viral-like flu (mild)

76
Q

Leptospira

-Infection

A

Invade and replicate in tissues (inflammatory response)

77
Q

Leptospira

-If systemically involved, what are the diseases (2)

A

Meningitis
OR
Weil’s disease

78
Q

Weil’s disease symptoms

A

(Leptospira)
vascular collapse, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, liver failure, and renal failure.
-Freaking terrible disease

Med Micro test 4 (4 decks)

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