Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Zey øving > Inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis 1 > Flashcards

Inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Two forms of long-acting penicillin G and their administration

A

Procaine penicillin G and Benzathine penicillin G

Intramuscular administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Benzathine penicillin G plasma concentration

A

Low plasma concentration of the drug for a few weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Procaine penicillin G plasma concentration

A

Higher plasma concentrations of penicillin for about 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extended spectrum Carboxypenicillins

A

Carbenicillin

Ticarcillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Extended spectrum Ureidopenicillins

A

Piperacillin
Mezlocillin
Azlocillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Extended spectrum Aminopenicillins

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Extended spectrum Ureidopenicillins active against

A

In addition to P. aureginosa, Selected gram-negative bacilli, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Penicillinase-Resistant Antistaphylococcal Penicillins

A 
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin (Isoxazolyl penicillin)
Cloxacillin (Isoxazolyl penicillin)
Dicloxacillin (Isoxazolyl penicillin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Narrow-Spectrum Penicillins

A

Penicillin G

Penicillin V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

First-generation cephalosporins

A

Cefazolin

Cephalexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Second-generation cephalosporins

A

Cefuroxime
Cefprozil
Cefoxitin
Cefotetan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

First-generation cephalosporins active against

A

Gram-positive cocci, such as pneumococci, streptococci, and staphylococci. They are also active against a few gram-negative enteric bacilli including E. coli and K. pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Second-generation cephalosporins active against

A

Similar activity against gram-positive cocci as the first-generation while demonstrating increased activity against gram-negative bacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Avibactam active against

A

Several types of b-lactamases, including AmpC b-lactamases and other extended-spectrum b-lactamases expressed by cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Penicillin G - Clinical use

A 
Gram-positive cocci
Syphilis-Treponema pallidum
Endocarditis- Viridans, streptococci, enterococci
Meningitis - Meningococci
Pneumonia -Pneumococci
Streptococci 
Enterococci
Gas gangrene – Clostridium perfringes
Actinomyces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Penicillin G and V - Adverse effects

A 
High dose: seizures
Diarrhea
Superinfections
Psuedomembranous colitis 
Hypersensitivity:
Uritcaria (hives)
Anaphylactic shock
Serum sickness
Interstitial nephritis
Hepatitis
Rashes
Fever
Joint swelling
Angioneurotic edema
Pruritus, oral lesions, respiratory compromise,eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, vasculitis
Seizures (renal failure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Penicillin G - Interactions

A

Probenecid: inhibits renal secretion – increased serum concentration
Benzathine: prolonged half-life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Penicillin V - Clinical use

A

Gram-positive cocci

Pharyngitis – Streptococcus pyogenes

19
Q

Dicloxacillin - Clinical use

A

Milder infections of penicillinase positive staphylococci (oral)

20
Q

Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin - Adverse effects

A 
High dose: seizures
Diarrhea
Superinfections
Psuedomembranous colitis 
Hypersensitivity:
Uritcaria (hives)
Anaphylactic shock
Serum sickness
Interstitial nephritis
Hepatitis
Rashes
Neutropenia
21
Q

Nafcillin - Clinical use

A 
Osteomyelitis
Endocarditis
Pneumonia
Skin and soft tissue infections
UTIs (All above by s. aureus - MRSA)
22
Q

Nafcillin - Special considerations

A

IV adm for serious infections

Excreted in bile

23
Q

Nafcillin - Interactions

A

Probenecid: inhibits renal secretion – increased serum concentration

24
Q

Metchicillin - Clinical use

A

Seldom used because of resistance and adverse effects

25
Q

Metchillin - Adverse effects

A 
High dose: seizures
Diarrhea
Superinfections
Psuedomembranous colitis 
Hypersensitivity:
Uritcaria (hives)
Anaphylactic shock
Serum sickness
Interstitial nephritis
Hepatitis
Rashes
26
Q

Amoxicillin - Clinical use

A 
Otitis media
Upper respiratory tract infections
Skin and soft tissue infections
UTI’s
Sinusitis
Bronchitis
Community acquired pneumonia

Prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in persons with heart valve defects

Pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida

Bite wound infections – Pasteurella multocida, S. aureus(with clavulanate)

Impetigo (with clavulanate) - S. aureus, S. pyogenes

27
Q

Amoxicillin - Special considerations

A

Bec of resistance: use clavulanate for H. influenzae + M. catarrhalis.

Uptake is not impaired by food, unlike the other penicillins

28
Q

Amoxicillin - Adverse effects

A 
High dose: seizures
Diarrhea
Superinfections
Psuedomembranous colitis 
Hypersensitivity:
Uritcaria (hives)
Anaphylactic shock
Serum sickness
Interstitial nephritis
Hepatitis
Rashes
29
Q

Amoxicillin - Interactions

A

Clavulanate: β-lactamase inhibitor
Probenecid: inhibits renal secretion – increased serum concentration
Contraceptive: Decreased effectiveness

30
Q

Amoxicillin - Similar drugs

A

Ampicillin
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin

31
Q

Ampicillin - Clinical use

A

Meningitis, listeriosis – Listeria monocytogenes
Decubitus, diabetic foot ulcers – Gram-positive and anaerobic organisms
Endocarditis – Streptococci, enterococci
Lyme disease – Borrelia burgdorferi
Shigellosis
Uncomplicated salmonella
Gastroenteritis E.coli
Non b-lactamase producing strains of H. influenzae

Bite wounds and diabetic foot ulcers (with sulbactam)

Combined with aminoglycoside (E.g., gentamicin) to treat enterococcal infections, such as enterococcal endocarditis

32
Q

Ampicillin - Adverse effects

A 
Maculopapular rash (viral inf. Like mononucleosis)
High dose: seizures
Diarrhea
Superinfections
Psuedomembranous colitis 
Vaginal candidiasis
Hypersensitivity:
Uritcaria (hives)
Anaphylactic shock
Serum sickness
Interstitial nephritis
Hepatitis
Rashes
33
Q

Ampicillin - Interactions

A

Sulbactam: β-lactamase inhibitor

34
Q

Piperacillin, Ticarcillin - Clinical use

A

Gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria + some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia

Intraabdominal, skin, soft tissue, lower respiratory tract, complicated urinary tract, gynecologic
Febrile neutropenia
pneumonia.
Active against P.aeruginosa (UTIs)

35
Q

Piperacillin, Ticarcillin - Adverse effects

A 
High dose: seizures
Diarrhea
Superinfections
Psuedomembranous colitis 
Hypersensitivity:
Uritcaria (hives)
Anaphylactic shock
Serum sickness
Interstitial nephritis
Hepatitis
Rashes
36
Q

Piperacillin Ticarcillin - Interactions

A 
Tazobactam: β-lactamase inhibitor
Aminoglycosides
Probenecid: inhibits renal secretion – increased serum concentration
Contraceptivse: Decreased effectiveness
Clavulanate: β-lactamase inhibitor
Aminoglycoside
37
Q

Cephalexin - Clinical use

A

Skin and soft tissue infections (impetigo, cellulitis) caused by gram (+)
UTIs -Streptococci, staphylococci

38
Q

Cephalexin, Cefazolin - Adverse effects

A

Hypersensitivity: (rare, cross-sensitivity to penicillins)
Anaphylaxis, fever, skin rashes, nephritis, granulocytopenia, hemolytic anemia

Local irritation: pain after IM injection, thrombophlebitis after IV

Renal toxicity (intersitial nephritis, tubular necrosis)

39
Q

Cefazolin - Clinical use

A

Prophylaxis of surgical infections – Staphylococci, E. coli, K. pneumoniae
Alternative to antistaph. penicillin

40
Q

Cefprozil, Cefuroxime - Clinical use

A

Otitis media – H. influenzae strains resistant to amoxicillin and other drugs

Respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue infections (pneumococci, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis)

41
Q

Cefprozil, Cefuroxime - Adverse effects

A

Hypersensitivity: (rare, cross-sensitivity to penicillins)
Anaphylaxis, fever, skin rashes, nephritis, granulocytopenia, hemolytic anemia

Local irritation: pain after IM injection, thrombophlebitis after IV

Renal toxicity (intersitial nephritis, tubular necrosis)

42
Q

Cefotetan - Clinical use

A

Aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, including Bacteroides fragilis

Intra-abdominal, gynecological, biliary tract infections

43
Q

Cefotetan - Adverse effects

A

Platelet dysfunction
Bleeding
Hypersensitivity (rare, cross-sensitivity to penicillins):
Anaphylaxis, fever, skin rashes, nephritis, granulocytopenia, hemolytic anemia

Local irritation: pain after IM injection, thrombophlebitis after IV

Renal toxicity (intersitial nephritis, tubular necrosis)

Contains menthylthiotrazole gr. -> hypoprothrombinemia, bleeding disorders

44
Q

Cefotetan - Interactions

A

Anticoagulants: more potent effect (risk of bleeding!)
Alcohol: disulfiram-like reaction

Zey øving (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions