Inherited Change Flashcards
What is genotype?
The genetic constitution of an organism. It describes all the alleles that an organism has.
What is phenotype?
The characteristics of an organism resulting from the expression of its genotype and environment
What is a gene?
A sequence of nucleotides along a short length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide
What is an allele?
An alternative form of a gene
What is homozygous?
When the alleles of a particular gene are identical
What is heterozygous?
When the alleles of a particular gene are different
What is recessive?
Two copies of the allele needed for the characteristic to be expressed in the phenotype
What is dominant?
Only one copy of the allele needed for the characteristic to be expressed in the phenotype
What is co-dominance?
Where both alleles contribute to the phenotype
What is a test cross?
A particular type of cross when an organism of unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive organism.
It can determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous dominant
Blood type A
- cannot have B or AB blood (anti-b antibodies)
- can have A or B
- antigen A and anti-b antibodies
Blood group B
- cannot have A or AB blood
- can have B or O
- antigen B and anti-a antibody
Blood group AB
- can have any type of blood, is the universal recipient
- has no antibodies to react with A or B
- has antigens A+B and no antibodies
Blood group O
- can have only O blood
- is universal donor
- no antigens and both antibodies
- no antigens for the recipients immune system or reaction against
What is sex-linkage?
A gene is described as being sex-linked if it is found on one of the sex chromosomes
