Inherited change

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

Genetic constitution of an organism

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

the observable characteristics of an organism

Question 3

gene

Answer 3

a length of DNA that is a sequence of nucleotide bases that code for a particular polypeptide

Question 4

allele

Answer 4

One of the different forms of a gene

Question 5

how many alleles per gene do diploid organisms have

Answer 5

2

Question 6

dominant allele

Answer 6

characteristics will be expressed in the phenotype whether one or two alleles are present

Question 7

recessive allele

Answer 7

characteristics only appear in the phenotype if the dominant allele ISNT present, meaning two recessive alleles are present

Question 8

homozygous

Answer 8

both alleles for the characteristic are present in the organism

Question 9

heterozygous

Answer 9

if the two alleles are different

Question 10

monohybrid inheritance

Answer 10

the inheritance of a single gene

Question 11

law of segregation

Answer 11

in diploid organisms, characteristics are determined by alleles that occur in pairs. only one of each pair of alleles can be present in a single gamete

Question 12

dihybrid inheritance

Answer 12

how to characters determined by two different genes located on different chromosomes are inherited

Question 13

codominance

Answer 13

both alleles are expressed in the phenotype

Question 14

multiple alleles

Answer 14

where there are more than two alleles of which only two may be present at the loci of an individual’s homologous chromosomes

Question 15

sex-linkage

Answer 15

where an allele is located on one of the sex chromosomes, meaning its expression depends on the sex of the individual

Question 16

why are males more likely to express a recessive sex-linked allele

Answer 16

Most sex linked alleles are located on the x chromosome. Therefore males only get one copy of the allele, so will express this characteristic even if it’s recessive

Question 17

autosomal linkage

Answer 17

two or more genes are carried on the same autosome

Question 18

epistasis

Answer 18

the allele of one gene affects or masks the expression of another in the phenotype

Question 19

what is the chi-squared test

Answer 19

used to test the null hypothesis

Question 20

null hypothesis

Answer 20

used to examine the results of scientific investigations and is based on the assumption that there will be no statistically significant difference between sets of observations, any difference is due to chance alone

Question 21

What is the criteria for the chi-squared test

Answer 21

• data placed in discrete categories
  -large sample size
  -only raw count data allowed
  -no data values equal 0