Inheritance, Variation, Evolution- Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term ‘classification’

A

The process of placing living organisms into groups

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2
Q

Name the two scientists who developed classification systems

A

Carl Linneaus

Carl Woese

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3
Q

How did Linnaeus categorise living organisms

A

living things classified into groups depending on their structure and characteristics

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4
Q

Place these groups into the correct order staring with the largest group Class Order Kingdom Species Phylum Genus Family

A

Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species

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5
Q

Give 2 reasons why some organisms have been reclassified in recent years

A

Evidence of internal structures has become more developed due to improvements in microscopes

Understanding of biochemical processes has progressed

This has caused new models of classification to be proposed.

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6
Q

Explain how Carl Woese’s classification differs from Carl Linnaeus’s system

A

Woese developed a 3 domain system

This includes 3 groups which are each larger than Kingdom

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7
Q

Name the 3 domains used in Woese’s classification system

A

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukaryota

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8
Q

Describe the type of organisms that are placed in the archaea domain

A

Simple prokaryotic bacteria

Generally found in extreme habitats e.g. hot springs, salt lakes

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9
Q

Describe the type of organisms that are placed in the bacteria domain

A

True bacteria

They look similar to archaea but carry out different biochemical reactions
E.g. E. coli, Staphylococcus

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10
Q

Describe the type of organisms that are placed in the eukaryota domain

A

Broad range of organisms

Includes animals, plants, fungi and protists

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11
Q

What is the term used to describe the naming system used in classification

A

Binomial system

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12
Q

What terms make up the binomial name of any organism

A

Genus followed by species

E.g. Humans are correctly named as Homo sapiens
Homo = Genus
sapiens = species

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13
Q

Describe how evolutionary relationships can be shown

A

By the use of evolutionary trees

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14
Q

How are organisms that are closely related to each other shown on an evolutionary tree?

A

They are shown coming off one branch of the tree The closer the branching the more closely related they are

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