Inheritance, Variation And Evolution

Question 1

What is meiosis?

Answer 1

Forms four genetically non-identical daughter cells. This is used in sexual reproduction.

Question 2

What is artificial selection?

Answer 2

Selective breeding of plants and animals. (Breeding fast horses or better food production.

Question 3

What is a genome?

Answer 3

The genome is the entire genetic material of an organism

Question 4

What is a gene?

Answer 4

A small section of DNA. Genes code for a sequence of amino acids which combine to give a specific protein.

Question 5

What has the human genome project advance our knowledge of?

Answer 5

• Improving understanding of inherited disease
• Human evolutionary and migratory history
• Gene identification

Question 6

What components make up a nucleotide?

Answer 6

• A sugar
• A phosphate
• A base

Question 7

What is a codon?

Answer 7

Where each amino acids is coded for by a specific sequence of three bases

Question 8

What does the order of bases suggest?

Answer 8

It tells us the order for combining amino acids to create particular proteins.

Question 9

What is the process of protein synthesis?

Answer 9

• A template is taken from the DNA and leaves the nucleus.
• Template is used to guide protein. synthesis on ribosomes located in the cytoplasm.
• Specific amino acids are delivered by carrier molecules to the protein and added in order shown on template.
• A unique structure is made, essential to the protein’s function in the form on enzymes, hormones or structural proteins.

Question 10

What is an allele?

Answer 10

Allele’s are different forms of the same gene.