Inheritance, Variation and Evolution Flashcards
what determines your inherited characteristics?
your DNA
what codes for protein ?
a gene code which make a particular amino acid
what is a genome ?
your entire set of genetic material
how can a genome help scientists?
it can help scientists identify and understand inherited diseases
what makes up DNA ?
nucleotides (repeating polymers )
what makes up a nucleotide ?
a phosphate
a sugar
a base
where is protein made ?
in the cytoplasm on the ribosome
what is an enzyme ?
a biological catalyst
what is a mutation ?
a random change in an organisms DNA that can sometimes be inherited that changes the sequence of the bases
what are the different types of mutation ?
INSERTIONS
a new base is inserted into the DNA base sequence where it shouldn’t be
DELETIONS
a random base is deleted from the DNA base sequence
SUBSTITUTIONS
when a random base is changed to a different base
what is the different between sexual and asexual reproduction ?
sexual reproduction produces genetically different cells
where as asexual reproduction produces genetically identical cells
how are male and female gametes produced ?
meiosis
what is involved in sexual reproduction ?
fusion of male and female gametes as the offspring contains a mixture of the two parents genes
how are flowering plants reproduced ?
with an egg cell and pollen
how are cell multiplied in asexual reproduction ?
ONE parent
MITOSIS
what is the advantage of sexual reproduction?
Produces genetic variation
what is used to speed up natural selection?
Strong population pressure
what is the advantage of asexual reproduction ?
Quick
what are examples of organisms that can produced by sexual and asexual reproduction ?
what chromosomes do males have ?
what chromosomes do females have ?
is CF recessive of dominant ?
Recessive
is polydactyly recessive or dominant ?
Dominant
how can genetic disorders be detected ?
what are advantages of embryo screening ?
help stop people suffering
Quicker time to pregnancy
what are the disadvantages of embryo screening ?
Very expensive
Miscarriage risk
what did Mendel discover?
Mendel found that characteristics were inherited in a predictable pattern
what are the two types of variation ?
Genetic
Phenotypic
