Communicable diseases Flashcards
What are symptoms of gonorrhoea
Pain when urinating
Vomiting
Malaria is a disease spread by mosquitoes. Describe two ways to control the spread of malaria
Use of mosquito bed nets
Stopping individuals from being bitten
Scientists produced a single plant that contained a TMV-resistant gene.
Suggest how scientists can use this plant to produce many plants with the TMV-resistant gene
takes (stem) cells from meristem
or
tissue culture
Some plants produce fruits which contain glucose.
Describe how you would test for the presence of glucose in fruit
Heat mixture and add a few drops of Benedict’s solution
glucose turns solution blue to orange
TMV can cause plants to produce less chlorophyll. This causes leaf discolouration. Explain why plants with TMV have stunted growth.
Less photosynthesis because of lack of chlorophyll
therefore less glucose made
so less energy released for growth
because glucose is needed for respiration
Describe how the pathogens cause infections and describe how the immune system defends the body against these pathogens
*Bacteria and viruses are pathogens
*they reproduce rapidly inside the body
*bacteria may produce toxins that make us feel ill
*viruses live and reproduce inside cells causing damage
*white blood cells help to defend against pathogens by
*ingesting pathogens
*to destroy specific pathogens
*producing antitoxins
*this leads to immunity from the pathogen
Why pathogens make us feel ill
Produce toxins
Give two ways that white blood cells protect us against pathogens
Digest pathogens
Phagocytosis
Explain how diseases caused by bacteria are usually treated by doctors
Antibiotics kill bacteria and prevent them from reproducing and spreading.
How white blood cells protect us from disease
Phagocytes are white blood cell. They are attracted to pathogens. They surround them in blood, bind to them and engulf them. The phagocytes’ membrane surrounds the pathogen and the enzymes found inside the cell, then break down the pathogen in order to destroy it.
