Inheritance & Evolution

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

Question 2

Liger

Answer 2

Hybrid made when a tiger and lion mate. Ligers are unable to produce offspring (infertile).

Question 3

Hybrids

Answer 3

The infertile offspring of two different species.

Question 4

Variation

Answer 4

The way in which living things are different from each other.

Question 5

Types of Variation

Answer 5

Genetic Variation
Environmental Variation

Question 6

Genetic Variation

Answer 6

Variation passed on through genes in the family.

Question 7

Environmental Variation

Answer 7

Variation caused by the area/environment a living thing is surrounded by.

Question 8

Why are wolves and dogs different
species?

Answer 8

Because if they bred together they
produce infertile offspring.

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

A double helix structure containing all of your genetic information, found in the nucleus and stored in chromosomes.

Question 10

Chromosomes

Answer 10

Structures made of tightly wound DNA.

Question 11

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 11

23

Question 12

Genes

Answer 12

Genes are sections of DNA that code for specific proteins / characteristics

Question 13

Allele

Answer 13

Variation for each gene.

Question 14

Dominant Allele

Answer 14

A ‘strong’ trait – will always be expressed if present.

Question 15

Recessive Allele

Answer 15

A ‘weak’ trait – only expressed if both alleles are recessive / no dominant allele.

Question 16

Cell was first discovered by:

Answer 16

Robert Hooke (1665)

Question 17

Who bred pea plants to understand characteristics are inherited?

Answer 17

Gregor Mendel (1856-1863)

Question 18

Who made the word ‘gene’ by experimenting with fruit flies?

Answer 18

Thomas Morgan Hunt (1910)

Question 19

Who worked out the structure of DNA

Answer 19

Franklin, Crick and Watson (1950)

Question 20

How does natural selection happen?

Answer 20

Overproduction
Genetic Variation
Selection
Adaptation

Question 21

Overproduction:

Answer 21

Most species produce more offspring than can survive to maturity

Question 22

Selection

Answer 22

The genes that cause individuals to be better at surviving and reproducing are selected for because those individuals pass their genes down instead of dying.

Question 23

Evolution

Answer 23

The concept that over time organisms become more adapted to their environment by the process of natural selection.

Question 24

Common Descent

Answer 24

The concept that all life on earth including humans evolved from the same ancestor.

Question 25

Artificial Selection / Selective Breeding

Answer 25

When two organisms with the desired characteristic are bred together. The process is repeated until all organisms have the desired characteristic.

Question 26

Natural Selection

Answer 26

When animals automatically adapt to external factors in the environment to benefit the animals – so they are more likely to survive in the wild.

Question 27

Extinction

Answer 27

When all the members of a species have died out.

Question 28

Endangered

Answer 28

When a species is in danger of extinction.

Question 29

Why are animals endangered/extinct?

Answer 29

Climate change
New predators
New diseases
New competitors
Humans – deforestation, hunting, pollution

Question 30

Biodiversity

Answer 30

A measure of how many different species live in an ecosystem.