Inheritance and Variation of Traits

Question 1

A single, highly organized and structured piece of DNA

Answer 1

Chromosome

Question 2

A molecule containing information that forms the hereditary material of all cells

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

The basic physical and functional unit of heredity made up of DNA

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

Biomolecules made up of amino acids and found in all living cells that perform bodily functions

Answer 4

Proteins

Question 5

A biological process by which cells create proteins.

Answer 5

Protein Synthesis

Question 6

Molecules that combine to form proteins.

Answer 6

Amino acids

Question 7

A characteristic of an organism; can be genetic or acquired

Answer 7

Trait

Question 8

A change or difference in the DNA sequence of a cell or organism, which can be inherited or acquired during a person’s lifetime.

Answer 8

Variants

Question 9

Product of reproduction; a new organism produced by one or more parents

Answer 9

Offspring

Question 10

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism, which can result from errors during DNA replication or exposure to mutagens, and can be harmful, beneficial, or have no effect.

Answer 10

Mutation

Question 11

The fundamental building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), consisting of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group.

Answer 11

Nucleotide

Question 12

The addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence, which can lead to a mutation and potentially alter the resulting protein.

Answer 12

Insertion

Question 13

A mutation that occurs when a part of a chromosome or DNA sequence is missing.

Answer 13

Deletion

Question 14

The replacement of one entity (atom, ion, group, or nucleotide) with another within a molecule or a sequence.

Answer 14

Substitution