Inheritance And Selection Flashcards
Define gene
Section of DNA that codes for protein
Define dominant allele
Allele that is shown in phenotype
Define co-dominant allele
Both alleles are expressed equally in phenotype
Define heterozygous
Different alleles
Define phenotype
Physical characteristics that can be measured/observed
Define monohybrid inheritance and how it is displayed
Inheritance of 1 characteristic, displayed with a test cross
How is sex determined?
By chromosomes, NOT GENES
Define sex linkage, and what it means for females and males
A situation in which phenotypic characteristics are inherited by genes located on X chromosome
Female: can be carrier (XX)
Male: either has condition or not (only 1 X chromosome)
What do pedigree diagrams show?
Inheritance of sex linked characteristics in a family
Define gene pool
All alleles of all genes in a population
What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle state?
Proportion of dominant and recessive alleles in a population will stay constant from 1 generation to next
What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle rely on?
- no migration
- large population
- no mutations
- mating is random
- all genotypes are equally fertile
Give equations involved in Hardy-Weinberg principle
P + q = 1
P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
Define selection
Process that results in best-adapted individuals in a population surviving and passing favourable alleles on to next generation
Explain how reproductive success and allele frequency are linked
- organisms always produce more offspring than the environment can support, but pop remains constant
- this is because intraspecific competition takes place; individuals with favourable alleles are more likely to survive and pass on alleles
- overtime, frequency of favourable alleles outweigh weaker alleles
