inheritance Flashcards
what is the definition of a gene?
a length of DNA that is a sequence of nucleotide bases that code for a particular polypeptide
what is the definition of an allele?
one of a number of alternative forms of a gene
what is the definition of a haploid?
a cell containing a single copy of each chromosome
what is the definition of a diploid ?
a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes
what is the definition of a genome?
an organism’s complete set of DNA including its genes
what is the definition of genotype?
the genetic constitution of an organism ( the specific genes/ alleles an organism has)
what is the definition of a phenotype?
the observable characteristics of an organism. it is due to the interactions between the genotypes and the environment
what is the definition of heterozygous?
an organism with the different versions of an allele for the same gene
what is the definition of homozygous?
when an organism has the same versions of an allele for the same gene
what is the definition of codominant
when 2 alleles are equally expressed
what is the definition of homologous chromosomes ?
one of a pair of chromosomes with the same gene sequence, gene loci, and chromosomal length and centromere location
what is the difference between dominant and recessive
dominant -masks the expression of another
recessive - is masked by another
what is the ratio you get when doing a dihybrid cross of 2 heterozygous parents?
and who discovered this ratio?
9:3:3:1
mendel
what did mendel study to get the dihybrid heterozygous ratio ?
pea plants
what is the ratio you get when crossing 1 heterozygous parent with 1 homozygous recessive ?
1:1:1:1
in terms of codominance:
what does multiple alleles mean?
more than 2 alleles for a particular gene
what is epistasis ?
when 2 genes ( not alleles) interact so that one suppresses the effect of another
what is the definition of evaluation ?
the change of allele frequency in a population
what is the definition of a gene pool ?
is the complete range of alleles for all genes in a population
allele frequency
the frequency of an allele in a population
what are the conditions that have to be met if you were to use the hardy weinberg principle?
- no mutation,
- no migration or immigration
- no selection
- random mating
- large population
what is the equation you can use if the gene pool is stable?
p+q = 1
and p = dominant allele
q = recessive allele
what is autosomal linkage ?
when 2 or more genes are located on the same autosome (non-sex chromosome). they re linked and are unlikely to separate during crossing over and so they are inherited together
what is a hierarchy ?
small groups arranges within larger groups,
there is no overlap between the groups
