inheritance

Question 1

what is the definition of a gene?

Answer 1

a length of DNA that is a sequence of nucleotide bases that code for a particular polypeptide

Question 2

what is the definition of an allele?

Answer 2

one of a number of alternative forms of a gene

Question 3

what is the definition of a haploid?

Answer 3

a cell containing a single copy of each chromosome

Question 4

what is the definition of a diploid ?

Answer 4

a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 5

what is the definition of a genome?

Answer 5

an organism’s complete set of DNA including its genes

Question 6

what is the definition of genotype?

Answer 6

the genetic constitution of an organism ( the specific genes/ alleles an organism has)

Question 7

what is the definition of a phenotype?

Answer 7

the observable characteristics of an organism. it is due to the interactions between the genotypes and the environment

Question 8

what is the definition of heterozygous?

Answer 8

an organism with the different versions of an allele for the same gene

Question 9

what is the definition of homozygous?

Answer 9

when an organism has the same versions of an allele for the same gene

Question 10

what is the definition of codominant

Answer 10

when 2 alleles are equally expressed

Question 11

what is the definition of homologous chromosomes ?

Answer 11

one of a pair of chromosomes with the same gene sequence, gene loci, and chromosomal length and centromere location

Question 12

what is the difference between dominant and recessive

Answer 12

dominant -masks the expression of another

recessive - is masked by another

Question 13

what is the ratio you get when doing a dihybrid cross of 2 heterozygous parents?
and who discovered this ratio?

Answer 13

9:3:3:1

mendel

Question 14

what did mendel study to get the dihybrid heterozygous ratio ?

Answer 14

pea plants

Question 15

what is the ratio you get when crossing 1 heterozygous parent with 1 homozygous recessive ?

Answer 15

1:1:1:1

Question 16

in terms of codominance:

what does multiple alleles mean?

Answer 16

more than 2 alleles for a particular gene

Question 17

what is epistasis ?

Answer 17

when 2 genes ( not alleles) interact so that one suppresses the effect of another

Question 18

what is the definition of evaluation ?

Answer 18

the change of allele frequency in a population

Question 19

what is the definition of a gene pool ?

Answer 19

is the complete range of alleles for all genes in a population

Question 20

allele frequency

Answer 20

the frequency of an allele in a population

Question 21

what are the conditions that have to be met if you were to use the hardy weinberg principle?

Answer 21

• no mutation,
• no migration or immigration
• no selection
• random mating
• large population

Question 22

what is the equation you can use if the gene pool is stable?

Answer 22

p+q = 1
and p = dominant allele
q = recessive allele

Question 23

what is autosomal linkage ?

Answer 23

when 2 or more genes are located on the same autosome (non-sex chromosome). they re linked and are unlikely to separate during crossing over and so they are inherited together

Question 24

what is a hierarchy ?

Answer 24

small groups arranges within larger groups,

there is no overlap between the groups