Exchange Flashcards
what type of cells are found in the trachea in humans
ciliated epithelial cells and goblet cells
why are the lungs located inside the body
the air is not dense enough to support them
the body as a whole would lose a greater deal of water and dry out
what is the trachea?
a flexible airway that is supported by rings of cartilage
what is the function of the cartilage in the trachea?
they prevent it collapsing in decreasing pressure while breathing in
what are the bronchi ?
divisions of the trachea leading into each lung
what are the bronchioles ?
they are subdivisions of the bronchi and their walls are made if muscles and lined with epithelial cells
what are alveoli ?
alveoli are miniature air sacs that are found at the end of the bronchioles
what is found between the alveoli ?
collagen and elastic fibers.
what are the different types of tissues/ layers found in the veins and arteries?
the tough outer layer, the muscular layer, the elastic layers, lining layer
what is the difference between breathing (ventilation) and respiration?
breathing is the movement of air into and out of the lungs
respiration is the chemical reaction to release energy in the form of ATP
describe inspiration
when inspiring:
the external intercostal muscles contract and the internal intercostal muscles relax.
the diaphragm contracts and the Air pressure inside the lungs drops.
the volume of the lungs increases
the pressure in the lungs decreases
air moves into the lungs from the atmosphere because there is a higher pressure on the outside of the lungs so air travels down the pressure gradient
describe expiration
when expiring:
the external intercostal muscles relax and the internal intercostal muscles contract.
the diaphragm relaxes
the volume of the lungs decrease
the pressure of the lungs increases
the air moves out of the lungs because there is a higher pressure inside than out so the air moves into the atmosphere.
