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B7. Genetics, Populations, Evolution and Ecosystems > Inheritance > Flashcards

Inheritance Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

An allele that is always expressed in the phenotype even when there’s only one copy of it

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2
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

Alleles that are only expressed in the phenotype if two copies are present (homozygous)

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3
Q

What are codominant alleles?

A

Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype as neither one is recessive (phenotype is intermediate)

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4
Q

What do monohybrid crosses show?

A

The likelihood of the different alleles of a single gene being inherited by the offspring

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5
Q

What do dihybrid crosses show?

A

The likelihood of the offspring inheriting certain combinations of the two characteristics controlled by separate genes

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6
Q

What is sex linkage?

A

Where the expression of alleles located on sex chromosomes depends on the sex of the individual. Males are more likely to show recessive phenotypes for sex linked genes as they only have one X chromosome

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7
Q

What is autosomal linkage?

A

Genes on non-sex chromosomes that stay together during independent segregation, therefore they will be inherited together, meaning more offspring will have the same genotype and phenotype as their parents. The closer the loci of genes on an autosome, the more closely linked they are

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8
Q

Why may autosomal linkage not occur?

A

The alleles are separated during crossing over, meaning some offspring will have different genotypes and phenotypes to their parents

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9
Q

What is epistasis?

A

The expression of one gene suppresses the expression of another. Occurs when a phenotype is controlled by more than one gene (eg. Boldness genes are epistatic to widows peak gene)

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10
Q

Monohybrid cross phenotypic ratios

A

F1 = 100% heterozygous
F2 = 3:1 dominant:recessive

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11
Q

Dihybrid cross phenotypic ratios

A

F1 = 100% heterozygous
F2 = 9:3:3:1 dominant-dominant:dominant-recessive:recessive-dominant:recessive-recessive

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12
Q

Codominant phenotypic ratios

A

F1 = 100% heterozygous
F2 = 1:2:1 homozygous1:heterozygous:homozygous2

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13
Q

Recessive episatic alleles phenotypic ratio

A

F1 = 100% heterozygous
F2 = 9:3:4

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14
Q

Dominant episatic alleles phenotypic ratio

A

F1 = 100% heterozygous
F2 = 12:3:1

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B7. Genetics, Populations, Evolution and Ecosystems (3 decks)

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