inheritance

Question 1

protein synthesis (paper 2)

Question 2

dna structure (paper 2)

Question 3

meiosis

Answer 3

dna is replicated and condenses into visible chromosone

homologous chromosomes pair up and share segment of dna (carry same gee diff alleles)
line up along middle of cells in pairs. spindle fibres attach to chromosomes so homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite dies of cell
thenn1st cell division
then mitosis. second cell division(4 diploid)

Question 4

mitosis

Answer 4

chromatids pulled apart

Question 5

dna gene allelle genome monohybrid polygenic

Answer 5

section of dna that codes 4 a portein

polygenic-characteristics controlled by more than one gene ie skin colour. most features are

monohybrid-offspring of two individuals and their gene combos

genome-entire/all dna or genes in an organism

-dna a mmmolecule that carries the genetic code which controls how an organism developed. larger than ran

-allele different versions of same gene

Question 6

codominance paper 2

Question 7

genetic code

Answer 7

code formed by order of bases in dna that instructs cells how characteristics should be pdorudced by telling cells to produce [articular proteins

Question 8

mutation

Answer 8

rare and random change in gene sequence or chromosome

Question 9

variation

Answer 9

genetic, environmental or both

Question 10

mutation how

Answer 10

paper 2

Question 11

natural selection

Answer 11

-alleles

-reproduce

-offsrping

-survival of the fittest

-competition

-variation

-extinction

Question 12

selective breeding risks why do it

Answer 12

inbreeding reduced gene pool. rare diseases unknowingly selected

increase size of part of plant that’s eaten/decrease size not eaten

-greater yield

pest disease resistance

increased growth and muscle formation

docility

increase milk production

softer, larger wool

Question 13

pros of gm

Answer 13

faster cheaper
larger questinties of gm insulin producing bacteria can be grown in fermenter
large amounts can be produced quickly and its cheaper

Question 14

clone transgenic animals can make human proteins (cloning)

Answer 14

paper 2 check

Question 15

transgenic definition

Answer 15

dna has been transferred from a diff species

Question 16

mitosis diff

Answer 16

makes identical cells and is asexual and produces 2 daughter cells and used for growth and repair and cell replacement regeneration

Question 17

gm in plants

Answer 17

more flavoursome
grow faster
resistance higher yields

expensive-seeds
concerns recombinant dna could spread fromgmo to other specie
more use of herbicide

Question 18

specialised cell paper 2 and its advantages

Answer 18

-cells that have specific function

as fertilised egg start to divide, each cell specialises to form a part of body

need as cells have diff functions

go under mitosis to further grow cells to dive and reproduce

Question 19

excretion

Answer 19

paper 2