Inheritance Flashcards
Allele
One or two or more forms of a gene located in the same position on homologous chromosomes.
Homozygous
Describes a condition in which both alleles for the gene are the same.
Purebred
An organism that is homozygous for a trait and this carries the same phenotype as the parents.
Heterozygous
Each allele for the characteristic exhibiting a different expression.
Hybrid (Genetic)
Heterozygote for a characteristic; plant or animal resulting from a cross between parents that are genetically unalike for that trait.
Wild Type
The most common phenotype for a feature in a population.
Dominant Trait
The particular trait of a characteristic that is expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual.
Dominant Allele (Autosomal Dominant)
An allele for a gene that overrides the effects of the recessive allele in the heterozygous condition; can be autosomal or sex-linked.
Recessive Trait
trait due to an allele that can be masked by the dominant allele in the heterozygous condition but expressed in the homozygous condition.
Recessive Allele (Autosomal Recessive)
An allele found on an autosomal chromosome that can be masked by its dominant form in the heterozygous condition; can be autosomal or sex-linked.
Punnett Square
Mathematical device used to calculate probabilities of genetic crosses.
Monohybrid Cross
Genetic cross between two individuals, both heterozygous for a specific trait.
Dihybrid Cross
Genetic cross between two individuals, both heterozygous for two specific traits.
Dihybrid Ratio
Predicted ratio of offspring obtained from a cross between individuals simultaneously for two characteristics.
Product Rule
A law of probability, stating that the change of two independent events occurring together is equal to the chance of one event occurring alone multiplied by the chance of the other event occurring alone.
