Inheritance

Question 1

What is an allele?

Answer 1

alternating expression of a gene

2 different alleles for same gene (one from mother, one from father)

Question 2

What is a genotype?

Answer 2

Genetic expression

Describes alleles present in person

Question 3

What is it referred to when there are two of the same alleles, making the individual pure-bred for that trait?

Answer 3

Homozygous recessive or dominant

Question 4

What is it referred to when there are two different alleles, making the individual hybrid for that trait?

Answer 4

Heterozygous

Question 5

What is a phenotype?

Answer 5

Physical expression
wild type -> most common
dominant alleles express trait over recessive -> occasionally -> codominance or intermediate dominance

Question 6

What does it mean by mendelian genetics?

Answer 6

• gene controlled by dominant and recessive alleles of one pair

Question 7

What are the three “laws” of mendelian genetics?

Answer 7

1. Law of Segregation
   - inherited traits defined by gene pair -> one from each parent
2. Law of Independent Assortment
   - genes sorted separately -> inheritance of trait not dependent on another trait
3. Law of Dominance
   - heterozygous genotypes expressed as dominant allele

Question 8

What is the purpose of a Punnett square/test cross?

Answer 8

test for homozygous vs heterozygous genotype

Question 9

What does it mean when their is a heterozygous genotype? Homozygous?

Answer 9

Hetero - offspring present with recessive trait

Homozygous - no offspring present with recessive trait

Question 10

What is polygenic inheritance in non-mendelian genetics?

Answer 10

when one characteristic is controlled by multiple genes