Gene Expression

Question 1

Define gene expression.

Answer 1

The process of turning DNA instructions into functions

Question 2

Define genes, genomes and alleles.

Answer 2

Genes - section of DNA used for coding protein
Genomes - DNA material that makes up chromosomes
Alleles - version of DNA sequence at given genomic location

Question 3

What is a triplet code known as?

Answer 3

Codon

Question 4

What is the structure of a gene?

Answer 4

Can be translated into polypeptide or functional RNA molecule, fixed location of a gene on a chromosome = locus, codes to amino acids -> peptide chains -> proteins

Question 5

What is an intron?

Answer 5

Section of non-coding DNA

Question 6

What is an exon?

Answer 6

Section that is coding (it is used)

Question 7

What is the promotor region?

Answer 7

Location where RNA polymerase attaches to gene (RNA polymers - enzyme that initiates transcription)
Identifies which DNA strand will be transcribes, identifies where transcription gene will start, identities direction transcription will occur

Question 8

What is the eukaryotes promotor region known as?

Answer 8

TATA Box (TATAA)

Question 9

What is the purpose of non-coding DNA?

Answer 9

Thought to interact with DNA-binding proteins to regulate the separation of chromosomes during mitosis
(e.g. telomeres)