Inhaled Agents Structure and Facts Flashcards

Halothane
Alkane not Ether

Isoflurane
Halogenated methyl ethyl ether with Cl-

Enflurane
(Halogenated methyl ethyl ether)
(Isomer of Isoflurane)

Desflurane
(Fluorinated methyl ethyl ether)

Sevoflurane
Methyl Isopropyl Ether
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)propane
N2O
Nitrous oxide
Inorganic compound
Which has the most myocardial depression of all the inhaled agents?
Halothane
MAC of Halothane
0.75% in oxygen (VERY POTENT)
MAC of Isoflurane
1.2% in oxygen
Which is the least potent of volatile agents?
Desflurane
MAC = 4-6%
(think of the Devil’s # 6)
Which inhaled agent needs a special vaporizer?
Desflurane
(because of its low boiling point)
When heated under pressure it exerts as gas
Which gases are irritating to airways?
Isoflurane
Desflurane
Which gases are not irritating to airways?
Halothane
Sevoflurane
Nitrous Oxide
Better anesthetic for pediatric cases = __
Sevoflurane
For pediatrics, the new recommendation is to reduce flow during inhalation induction is to minimize ___.
pollution
Pediatric recommendations for induction flow

Sevoflurane
(vapor pressure, blood/gas coefficient, and fat/blood coefficent)
VP = 160 mm Hg.
B/G=0.65
Fat/Blood = 48
Halothane
Vapor pressure, blood/gas, fat/blood coefficient
VP = 243mmHg at 20 degrees C.
B/G=2.3
Fat Blood = 80
MAC of Sevoflurane
2% in oxygen
Sevoflurane’s combustion risk is increased in ___.
desiccated absorber
Nitrous Oxide
Vapor Pressure, blood/gas, blood/fat coefficient
Boiling point
VP 39,000 mm Hg. (stored as liquid under pressure)
B/G 0.47
Fat/Blood = 2.3
Boils 88 degrees C.
Isoflurane
Vapor pressure, blood/gas, blood/fat coefficient
VP 240 mm Hg at 20 degrees C.
B/G = 1.4
Fat/blood 45
Which inhalational agent has the most myocardial depression?
Halothane
Enflurane is metabolized ___.
2-4%
End product is Fluorine
With Enflurane, there is a risk for ___.
seizures
Desflurane
Vapor pressure, boiling point, blood/gas and blood/fat
VP 681 mmHg at 20 degrees
Boiling Point 23.5 degrees C.
B/G = 0.42
Fat/Blood 27
Sevoflurane degrades in ___.
Soda Lyme and Baralyme absorber
Which agent is the BEST for inhalational induction?
Sevoflurane
MAC of Nitrous Oxide
MAC 105%
Which agents support combustion?
Nitrous Oxide
Sevoflurane (when in a dessicated absorber)
With Nitrous Oxide, there is a danger of ____.
Danger of hypoxia with high concentration or low atm. pressure
Because it is 32-34 x more soluble the nitrogen it can cause closed air spaces (bowel, ET cuff, air embolism) to expand as it replaces the N2 in the air.
How is nitrous oxide stored?
How is it degraded in atmosphere?
Stored as liquid under pressure (750 PSI)
Slow degradation in atmosphere
Critical Temperature of Nitrous Oxide
36.5 degrees C.
Carbon monoxide poisoning is associated with ___.
Desflurane in a dessicated absorber
Desflurane has ___ tissue solubility
low
MAC of Enflurane
1.68 in oxygen
Vapor Pressure and blood/gas of Enflurane
VP 172 mmHg at 20 degrees C.
B/G =1.8
MAC of Isoflurane
1.2%
1 time constant
Capacity/Flow rate = time to 63% change
Liters/liter per minute
2 Time Constants
time to 86% change
3 Time Constants
time to 98% change
0.7 TC
½ time = time to 50% change