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SUMMER PHARM > Inhalation agents > Flashcards

Inhalation agents Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MAC of N2O?

A

105% (least potent gas)

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2
Q

Is N2O organic or inorganic?

A

inorganic

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3
Q

T/F: N2O is not an effective analgesic.

A

False… it is

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4
Q

_____% of N20 + O2 with significantly reduce the MAC of other agents

A

70

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5
Q

N2O uses a ________ inhaled concentration

A

high

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6
Q

The ______________ effect speeds induction as fresh gas is drawn into the lung from the circuit

A

concentration

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7
Q

After using N20, remember to administer _________ in the PACU

A

O2

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8
Q

N2O stimulates the ________________

A

SNS

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9
Q

T/F : N2O is a direct myocardial contractility depressant

A

True

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10
Q

N2O has what effect on PAPs?

A

Increase PVR and RA pressure

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11
Q

N2O can cause ___________ induced dysrhythmias

A

epinephrine

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12
Q

N2O may cause _________________ at >1 MAC

A

skeletal muscle rigidity

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13
Q

_________ is probably not a triggering inhalation agent for MH.

A

N2O

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14
Q

N2O _______ CBF and ________ CMRO2

A

increases and increases

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15
Q

N2O may cause _____________ post operatively

A

N/V

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16
Q

N2O is almost exclusively eliminated by _____________

A

exhalation

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17
Q

How much biotransformation occurs with N2O?

A

VERY LITTE

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18
Q

N2O can lead to a decrease in __________ synthetase and __________ enzymes…which is necessary for DNA synthesis. SO avoid N2O when?

A

Methionine
Vit. B 12
during 1st trimester

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19
Q

Avoid prolonged exposure to N20 d/t what 3 things?

A

pernicious anemia
bone marrow suppression
peripheral neuropathies

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20
Q

Contraindication related to N2O are due to the fact that…….

A

N20 diffuses rapidly into air - containing cavities

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21
Q

Does N2O potentiate NM blockers?

A

Yes

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22
Q

Volatile agents all have ______ compounds

A

carbon

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23
Q

__________ substitutions increase anesthetic potency

A

halogen

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24
Q

Lower weight halogens _______ potency more than those of higher atomic weight

A

decrease

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25
Q

_______ substitutions on carbon compounds lead to the most stable compounds.

A

Cl-

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26
Q

Cl- substitutions on Carbon compounds lead to ________________ as a s/e

A

myocardial depression

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27
Q

Fluorination reduces ____________ but creates the potential for _________ as an s/e

A

flammability

renal damage

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28
Q

C4H3F7O is

A

sevoflurane

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29
Q

C3H2F6O is

A

Desflurane

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30
Q

C3H2CLF5O is

A

Isoflurane

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31
Q

C2HBrF3

A

Halothane

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32
Q

What gas has the highest VP?

A

n20

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33
Q

What gas has the second highest VP after N2O

A

desflurane

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34
Q

_____________ is the pressure created when gas molecules bombard the surface of a liquid and the walls in a closed container

A

VP

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35
Q

__________ is when the VP equals the Barometric pressure

A

Boiling Point

36
Q

If you increase the altitude, you _________ the barometric pressure

A

decrease

37
Q

What does alkalosis do to MAC?

A

nothing

38
Q

what does Hyperthermia do to MAC?

A

increase it

39
Q

What does anemia (4.3ml/dl) do to MAC?

A

decrease it

40
Q

what does a prolonged duration of anesthesia do to MAC?

A

Nothing

41
Q

What does hypotension do to MAC?

A

decrease it

42
Q

What does Hypernatremia do to MAC?

A

increase it

43
Q

What does pregnancy to do MAC?

A

decrease it

44
Q

what does variable stimulus do to MAC?

A

nothing

45
Q

what do CNS stimulants do to MAC?

A

increase it

46
Q

What does a 1 year old do to MAC?

A

increase it

47
Q

What does being elderly do to MAC?

A

decrease it

48
Q

What do Alpha 2 agonists do to MAC?

A

decrease it

49
Q

To avoid movement when no muscle relaxant is on board in 95% of pts… it requires ___-___% above MAC or ____ MAC

A

10-30

1.3

50
Q

MAC awake for what agents is 1/3?

A

des, sevo, iso

51
Q

MAC awake is 1/2 for what agent?

A

halothane

52
Q

What is MAC awake for N2O?

A

60%

53
Q

Which agent does not decrease SVR?

A

desflurane

54
Q

What will happen to BP and HR with Halothane

A

BP increases, HR no change

55
Q

When using halothane, use extreme caution with what drug d/t arrhythimis? what occurs?

A

Epinephrine

bradycardia/junctional

56
Q

W/ Halothane, the adult dose of EPI should not exceed _______________ within 10 mins or ______________ within 1 hour

A

10ml of 1:100K

30ml of 1:100K

57
Q

What does Halothane do with asthma?

A

its a potent bronchodilator and reverse bronchospasm

58
Q

What does Halothane do to ICP?

A

increases it! avoid in neuro patients!!!!

59
Q

Which agent cause the least amount of skeletal muscle relaxation?

A

Halothane

60
Q

Halothane is toxic where?

A

the liver! Hepatitis due to CYP450

61
Q

What % of halothane is metabolized?

A

20%

62
Q

What drugs are contraindicated with Halothane?

A

aminophylline
Tricyclics
MAOIs
BBlockers and Ca Ch Blockers

63
Q

Which volatile agent is the most potent trigger of MH?

A

Halothane

64
Q

What 4 major contraindications are there for halothane?

A

Liver damage/dysfunction
hypovolemia
pheochromocytoma
aortic stenosis

65
Q

______________ is a halogenated methyl ethyl ether

A

enflurane

66
Q

What is the MAC of enflurane?

A

1.7

67
Q

With enfluranes decrease in BP, will you see an increase or decrease in HR?

A

increase! opposite of halothane

68
Q

What is the main cerebral effect of Enflurane?

A

tonic clonic seizures

69
Q

The main toxicity for enflurane is?

A

renal toxicity

70
Q

What 2 patients are contraindication for enflurane?

A

renal pts

seizure pts

71
Q

Which agent do you use for PEDs inductions? which agent do you NOT?

A

sevoflurane

isoflurane

72
Q

What agent dilates the coronary arteries but may cause coronary steal syndrome?

A

isoflurane

73
Q

Is isoflurane neuroprotective or harmful?

A

protective

74
Q

Isoflurane can cause a ___________ at 2 MAC

A

isoelectric EEG

75
Q

Which gas has a VP that is close to atmospheric pressure?

A

desflurane

76
Q

What vaporized does Desflorane use?

A

TEC 6

77
Q

When giving Desflurane, what happens when you give a rapid increase in concentration?

A

transient increase in HR, BP, catecholamine levels

78
Q

The main adverse effect of desflurane is?

A

laryngospasm and bronchoreactivity

79
Q

Which agent causes Carbon monoxide release from a used up scavenger?

A

Main one - desflurane

80
Q

The only agent that does not increase CVP is?

A

sevoflurane

81
Q

Does sevoflurane cause airway irritation?

A

NO - it is the best amount all agents!

82
Q

With what agent do you need to use FGF of >/= 2 L?

A

Sevo

83
Q

What causes toxicity with sevoflurane?

A

Compound A

84
Q

With which drug is there ZERO risk of “halothane hepatitis”?

A

Sevoflurane

85
Q

What kind of patients are contraindicated for sevo?

A

Renal Pt’s

SUMMER PHARM (5 decks)

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