INGREDIENTS Flashcards
What does AHA stand for and what is its function?
Alpha Hydroxy Acid; a chemical exfoliator that loosens the bond between cells in the epidermis
Examples include glycolic, lactic, malic, citric, and tartaric acids.
What is BHA and its main example?
Beta Hydroxy Acid; an example is salicylic acid, known for being gentle and a chemical exfoliator.
What are the properties of alcohol in skincare?
Astringent, antiseptic, stimulating; used for oily skin.
What is the role of benzyl peroxide?
A drying agent with antibacterial properties, used for blemishes and acne.
What are ceramides and their function?
Group of lipid materials found in the skin intercellular matrix; they help with lipid replacement and combat dryness, dehydration, and aging.
What is collagen and its source?
A protein derived from animals or synthetically manufactured; it plumps the surface of the skin and prevents water loss.
Define essential oils.
Oils derived from plants and herbs.
What is glycerin and its role in skincare?
A skin softener formed by the decomposition of oils or fats; acts as a humectant.
What are the properties of herbs in skincare?
Derived from plant extracts; contain phytohormones; used to heal, stimulate, soothe, and moisturize.
What is hyaluronic acid known for?
A hydrophilic agent with excellent water binding properties.
What is lanolin and its source?
A sheep’s wool derivative from the sheep sebaceous gland; known for its emollient and moisturizing properties.
What are liposomes?
Closed lipid bilayer spheres that capture ingredients, targeting their delivery to specific tissues of the skin.
What is methylparaben used for?
A preservative with low sensitizing potential; combats bacteria and mold.
What is mineral oil and its properties?
An emollient and lubricant; a clear, odorless substance derived from petroleum.
Define mucopolysaccharides.
A carbohydrate-lipid complex that serves as a good water binder.
What are parabens used for?
Common preservatives that provide antibacterial and antifungal activity.
What are peptides?
Chains of amino acids that stimulate fibroblasts and improve skin firmness.
What are polypeptides?
Larger chains of amino acids that stimulate fibroblasts and cell metabolism.
What is petroleum jelly and its use?
An occlusive agent that protects the skin barrier by holding in water; used after laser surgery to protect healing skin.
What is potassium hydroxide and where is it used?
A strong alkali used in soaps and creams.
What is polypropylene glycol?
A humectant used in dry or sensitive skin moisturizers.
What is quaternium 15?
An all-purpose preservative and the greatest formaldehyde releaser.
What is retinoic acid and its function?
A Vitamin A derivative that alters collagen synthesis; used to treat acne and visible signs of aging.
What is salicylic acid and its natural sources?
A BHA with exfoliating and antiseptic properties; sourced from sweet birch, willow bark, and wintergreen.
