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Anatomy Exam 2 > Infratemporal Fossa > Flashcards

Infratemporal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Temporal Fossa

A

Shallow depression on the lateral sides of the skull.

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2
Q

Temporal Fossa Boundaries

A

Anterior boundary: frontal/zygomatic bounds. Posterior and superiorly: temporal lines. Laterally: Zygomatic arch. Inferiorly: Infratemporal Crest

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3
Q

Floor of Temporal Fossa

A

frontal, parietal, temporal bones and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone (these are the 4 bones that come together to form the pterion)

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4
Q

Contents of Temporal Fossa

A

Temporalis muscle and fascia, Masseter Muscle

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5
Q

Temporalis Muscle

A

The large fan-shaped temporalis muscle takes origin from the floor of the temporal fossa and the fascia that envelops the muscle. Functions to elevate and retract the mandible.

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6
Q

Temporal Fascia

A

Fascia of the temporalis muscle forms the roof of the temporal fossa and extends from the superior temporal line to the zygomatic arch

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7
Q

Masseter Muscle

A

Masseter originates from the zygomatic arch and the zygomatic bone and inserts on the external surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible. Functions to elevate and protrude mandible. Below the zygomatic arch, the deep fascia of the masseter is continuous with the deep fascia of the temporalis.

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8
Q

Infratemporal Fossa

A

Irregular space located posterior to the maxilla and deep to the ramus of the mandible. Behind the zygomatic arch (superiorly), continues with the temporal fossa

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9
Q

Boundaries of Infratemporal Fossa

A

Lateral Wall: Ramus of the mandible. Medial Wall: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone. Superior Boundary: Infratemporal crest of sphenoid. Inferior boundary: Angle of mandible

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10
Q

Contents of Infratemporal Fossa

A

Temporalis Muscle (inferior portion). Medial Pterygoid muscle. Lateral pterygoid muscle. Maxillary artery. Pterygoid venous plexus. CNV2. Chorda Tympani. Otic Ganglion

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11
Q

Temporalis Muscle (Inferior Portion)

A

Content of Infratemporal Fossa. Runs from the floor of the temporal fossa and temporal fascia to the coronoid process and medial surface of ramus of mandible.

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12
Q

Medial Pterygoid Muscle

A

Runs from medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate to internal surface of ramus of mandible

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13
Q

Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

A

Runs from lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate to the TMJ and neck of condyloid process

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14
Q

Maxillary Artery

A

Larger of the two terminal branches of External Carotid. Arises posterior to the neck of the mandible. Divided into three parts by the lateral pterygoid muscle.

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15
Q

1st part of maxillary artery

A

Runs from origin to the lateral border of the lateral pterygoid muscle. 5 branches: Deep auricular, anterior tympanic, middle meningeal, accessory meningeal, inferior alveolar

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16
Q

Deep auricular Artery

A

Runs to external acoustic meatus. Branch of 1st part of maxillary artery

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17
Q

Anterior Tympanic Artery

A

Runs to tympanic membrane. Branch of 1st part of maxillary artery

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18
Q

Middle Meningeal Artery

A

Runs to the cranial meninges through foramen spinosum. Branch of 1st part of maxillary artery

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19
Q

Accessory Meningeal Artery

A

Runs to the cranial meninges through the foramen ovale. Branch of 1st part of maxillary artery

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20
Q

Inferior Alveolar Artery

A

Runs to the mandibular teeth through mandibular foramen. Branch of 1st part of maxillary artery

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21
Q

2nd part of maxillary artery

A

Portion of Maxillary that lies over the lateral pterygoid muscle. It provides: Masseteric branches, deep temporal branches, pterygoid branches, and buccal branches.

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22
Q

Masseteric Artery

A

Supply the masseter muscle. Branch of 2nd part of maxillary artery

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23
Q

Deep Temporal Artery

A

Supply the temporalis muscle. Divides into anterior and posterior branches. Branch of 2nd part of maxillary artery

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24
Q

Pterygoid Arteries

A

Supply medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. There is both a lateral and a medial pterygoid artery. Branches of 2nd part of maxillary artery

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25
Q

Buccal Artery

A

Supply the muscles of the cheek. Branch of 2nd part of maxillary artery

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26
Q

3rd Part of Maxillary Artery

A

Extends from medial edge of lateral pterygoid to its termination in the pterygoid fossa. Provides the following branches: Posterior superior alveolar artery, infraorbital artery, descending palatine artery, and sphenopalatine artery

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27
Q

Posterior Superior alveolar artery

A

Supplies the molar and premolar teeth. Divides into further branches (not mentioned in hand out). Branch of 3rd part of maxillary artery

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28
Q

Infraorbital Artery

A

Emerges from infraorbital foramen below orbit. Through its branches (not discussed in hand out) supplies blood to upper teeth and muscles of the eye. Branch of 3rd part of maxillary artery

29
Q

Descending Palatine Artery

A

Emerges through greater palatine foramen. Terminal branch anastomoses with sphenopalatine artery. Supplies gums, palatine glands, and mucuous membrane of roof of mouth. Branch of 3rd part of maxillary artery

30
Q

Sphenopalatine Artery

A

Passes through sphenopalatine foramen into nose. Anastomoses with branches of descending palatine artery. Branch of 3rd part of maxillary artery

31
Q

Pterygoid Venous Plexus

A

Venous plexus located in the infratemporal Fossa. Veins of the plexus make connections with the facial vein laterally and the cavernous sinus medially. The small veins of the plexus usually join together to give rise to one or two larger veins known as the maxillary veins. D. The maxillary veins leave the infratemporal fossa and join with the superficial temporal vein, in the parotid gland, to form the retromandibular vein

32
Q

Superficial Temporal Vein

A

Joins with maxillary to form Retromandibular Vein

33
Q

Maxillary Vein

A

Veins of venous plexus join together and give rise to a maxillary vein. Maxillary vein joines with superficial temporal vein to form retromandibular

34
Q

Retromandibular

A

Formed by joining of maxillary and superficial temporal

35
Q

Mandibular Division of CNV

A

Only division of CNV with motor fibers. It is the only nerve in the infratemporal region (except for the chorda tympani). It exits the skull through foramen ovale to enter the fossa.

36
Q

Motor Branches of CNV3

A

Motor branches go to the following muscles: muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

37
Q

Sensory Branches of CNV3

A

Auriculotemporal nerve, buccal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve (gives off a motor branch prior to sensory branches), Lingual nerve

38
Q

Auriculotemporal Nerve

A

Encircles middle meningeal artery and supplies auricle, skin over temporal region, TMJ, external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, secretory parasympathetic fibers to the parotid (Fibers belonging to CNIX but travel with Auriculotemporal. *Described in previously lecture)

39
Q

Buccal Nerve (Long Buccal)

A

Supplies skin and mucuous membrane of cheek, lateral surface of oral gingiva.

40
Q

Inferior Alveolar Nerve

A

Supplies all teeth on its side of the mandible. Before passing through mandibular foramen, gives off Mylohyoid nerve (MOTOR NERVE) to innervate mylohyoid. Passes through mandibular foramen to enter the mandible. Gives off Mylohyoid nerve (also supplies anterior digastric muscle), Mental nerve, and incisive nerve

41
Q

Mylohyoid nerve

A

Branch of inferior alveolar nerve given off before it enters mandibular foramen. Supplies anterior belly of digastric muscle and mylohyoid muscle.

42
Q

Mental Nerve

A

Branch of inferior alveolar. Supplies skin of chin. Exits inferior alveolar canal through mental foramen

43
Q

Incisive nerve

A

Branch of inferior alveolar. Continues further through mandible after mental nerve given off, supplies canine and incisor teeth [Not pictured in slides because interior]

44
Q

Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

A

A type of anesthetic typically applied at dentist. Anesthetic agent injected near the mandibular foramen, spreads through the sensory branches of CNV3 in a proximal manner (closest regions first).

45
Q

Lingual Nerve

A

sensory to the tongue, floor of the mouth and gingiva

46
Q

Chorda Tympani

A

Branch of CNVII. Leaves the CN VII and exits the skull to join the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa. Conveys taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (minus vallate papillae). Conveys preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion. Postganglionic fibers from the submandibular ganglion then go to the submandibular gland, sublingual gland and other smaller salivary glands

47
Q

Otic Ganglion

A

Parasympathetic Ganglion located in the infratemporal fossa. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers enter the ganglion via the lesser petrosal nerve. Contains the cells bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. Contains the cells bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

48
Q

Temporomandibular Joint

A

Modified hinge joint (type of synovial joint) between the condyle of the mandible and either the articular process of the mandible or the mandibular fossa depending on the state of the jaw/chewing. Articular surfaces are covered with fibrous tissues

49
Q

Mandibular Fossa

A

Depression in temporal bone. Condyle can articulate here as part of TMJ

50
Q

Articular Eminence/Tubercule

A

Bony protrustion of temporal bone. Condyle can articulate with this as part of TMJ

51
Q

Articular disc

A

fibrous tissue and not fibrocartilage - attached to the capsule

52
Q

Upper Cavity

A

Upper (gliding) joint. Between the articular eminence, mandibular fossa and the articular disc. condyle and the disc slide forward onto the articular eminence when opening jaw

53
Q

Lower Cavity

A

Lower hinge joint. Between the articular disc and the condyle of the mandible.

54
Q

Capsule

A

attached to margins of articular area of temporal bone and around neck of mandible

55
Q

Where the condyle sits/articulates when jaw is closed/teeth clenched

A

Condyle in mandibular Fossa

56
Q

Where the condyle sits/articulates when jaw is at rest

A

Condyle against articular eminence

57
Q

Where the condyle sits/articulates when jaw is wide open

A

Condyle below articular eminence

58
Q

Stylomandibular Ligament

A

Band of deep cervical fascia from styloid process to angle of mandible

59
Q

Sphenomandibular Ligament

A

Membranous band from spine of sphenoid to lingula of mandible

60
Q

Lateral Ligament

A

Small, attached to capsule and articular disc. Only one of the 3 that is actually attached to the TMJ. Checks mediolateral movement of TMJ

61
Q

Which muscles control opening of TMJ/mandible?

A

depression (gravity) supra/infrahyoids

62
Q

Which muscles control closing of TMJ/mandible?

A

elevation, temporalis and masseter mainly

63
Q

Which muscles control protraction of TMJ/mandible?

A

(protrusion) lateral pterygoids and masseter mainly

64
Q

Which muscles control retrustion of TMJ/mandible?

A

(retrusion) posterior (horizontal) fibers of temporalis

65
Q

Which muscles control lateral movement of TMJ/mandible?

A

Retractors of the same side (temporalis muscle). Protruders of the opposite side (lateral pterygoids)

66
Q

Which CN supplies motor innervation to all muscles of mastication?

A

CNV

67
Q

Which branches of CNV supply sensory innervation to the TMJ?

A

Masseteric nerve, auriculotemporal nerve.

68
Q

Dislocating the TMJ

A

Yawning, taking a large bite, a sideway blow to the chin when mouth is open. Largest risk WHEN MOUTH IS OPEN because condyle is no longer in a fossa (look at picture). Can cause damage to auriculotemporal nerve.

Anatomy Exam 2 (8 decks)

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