Infrastructure

Question 1

Define infrastructure

Answer 1

Infrastructure can be defined as a capital stock that produces public goods and services

Question 2

According to people define infrastructure

Answer 2

Yoshino & Nakahigashi(2000)
Infrastructure enhances economic growth and welfare energy ,transport,water ,communication

According to world bank (1994)
Infrastructure is an umbrella term for many activities referred to as “social overheads capital” and characterized by peculiar technical features .

Pougaza(2007)
It is the basic services or social capital of a country which makes economic and social activity possible

Question 3

Examples of infrastructure

Answer 3

• Public utilities (power, piped water supply ,telecommunication
• public works(road,major dam and canal works for irrigation and drainage
• other( transport sectors- urban and inter urban railway,urban transport

Question 4

Categories of infrastructure

Answer 4

• soft infrastructure (All services which are required to maintain economic,health ,cultural and social standard of a population)
• physical/hard infrastructure( telecommunications,electricity,transportation,water supply and sewage

Question 5

Features or characteristics of infrastructure

Answer 5

• indivisible e.g gas turbine for the generation of electricity,bridges
• investment in them require heavy capital outlay
• investment in infrastructure facilities takes a long gestation period
• they have low variable cost compared to the total cost

Question 6

Economic relevance of infrastructure

Answer 6

• infrastructure represents a large share of capital formation in the economy
• road infrastructure increases productivity and lowers production
• contribution of environmental sustainability
• Consistent puverty reduction
• it affects the profitability of private enterprises

Question 7

State and quality of infrastructural facilities in Nigeria

Answer 7

1. ) Transport
   - road
   - seaport
   - airport
   - railway
2. )communication
   - Nitel
3. ) power
   - electric power
   - Gas

Question 8

Issues and options of infrastructure

Answer 8

1. )deregulation
2. )privatization of infrastructure
3. ) commercialization of infrastructure

Question 9

Solutions to infrastructure in Nigeria

Answer 9

Right institution

Public private partnership