INFORSY Quiz 2 Flashcards
A statement of what the system must do or what characteristic it must have
Requirement
Requirements are written from the perspective of the user or businessperson
Business or User Requirements
Requirements are written from the perspective of the Developers or ERP system. Capabilities that the new system must have and the constraints that the new system must meet.
System Requirement
A system requirement that describes an activity or process that the system must perform
Functional Requirement
Classification of functional requirement
Output
Input
Process (Logical)
Behavioral properties or characteristics of the system other than activities it must perform or support
Non-Functional Requirement
Describes operational characteristics related to the environment, hardware, and software of the organization.
Technical Requirement
Describes operational characteristics related to measures of capacity, time, speed, workload, such as throughput and response time.
Performance Requirements
Describe which users can perform which system function under what condition
Security/Controls
Describes the cultural, political factors, and legal requirements that affect the system
Cultural and Political Requirements
Describes the dependability of a system, how often a system exhibits behaviors such as service outages, incorrect processing, and error detection and recovery
Reliability Requirements
Describes operational characteristics of users such as user interface, work procedures, online help, and documentation
Usability Requirements
Requirements are best determined by _________ and ____________ together.
Systems analysts, Business people
The basic process of analysis is divided into the following:
- Understanding the as-is system
- Identifying improvements
- Developing requirements for the to-be system
The Web site must report online volume statistics every four hours, and hourly during peak periods
Output
Manufacturing employees must swipe their ID cards into online data collection terminals that record labor costs and calculate production efficiency
Input
The student records system must calculate the GPA at the end of each semester.
Process (Logical)
The system must support 25 users online simultaneously
Performance
The system must provide log-on security at the operating system level and at the application level
Control
Systems Development Life Cycle
- Systems Planning
- Systems Analysis
- Systems Design
- Systems Development
- Systems Testing
- Systems Implementation
- Systems Operation, Support and Security
Analysis Modeling answers the questions of:
Who will use the system
What the system will do
Where and when it will be used
A conceptual representation of how data has been structurally transformed into output that is valuable to users (actor or entity)
Data Modelling
A _____________ shows how data moves through an information system but does not show program logic or processing steps
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
A set of DFDs provides a logical model that shows _______________, not how it does it
What the system does
A data store must be connected to a _______-.
Process
Each data should have an _________ and _________ data flow
outgoing, incoming
Correct Examples for Data Flows
- Process to Process
- Process to External Entity
- Process to Data Store
A standardized modeling language consisting of an integrated set of diagrams developed to help system and software developers for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software systems, as well as for business modeling and other non-software systems
Object Modelling
Defining all of the types of objects that do the work in a system and showing what user interactions are required to complete the tasks
OO Analysis
Defining all of the types of objects necessary to communicate with people and devices in the system, showing how the objects interact to complete tasks, and refining the definition of each type of object so it can be implemented with a specific language or environment.
OO Design
A real-world element in an object-oriented environment that may have a physical or a conceptual existence
Object
Creation of an object as a member of a class is called _______. Thus, object is ______________.
Instantiation; an instance of a class
Illustrates the activities that are performed by users of a system
Use Case Diagram
A use case diagram describes the following functions of the system:
- What the user can do
- How the system responds
In a use case diagram, it refers to the individuals involved with the system defined according to their roles. The actor can be a human or other external system
Actor
In a use case diagram, it describes how actors use a system to accomplish a particular goal. Use cases are typically initiated by a user to fulfill goals describing the activities and variants involved in attaining the goal.
Use Case
In a use case diagram, this refers to the lines connecting the actors and use cases
Relationships
In a use case diagram, this defines the system of interest in relation to the world around it
System Boundary
A use case relationship documenting the communication between the use case and the actors that use the use case
Association
A use case relationship representing the extension of the functionality of the use case to incorporate optional behavior
Extend
A use case relationship showing the mandatory inclusion of another use case.
Include
A use case relationship that allows use cases to support inheritance
Generalization
An event that initiates the flow of events in a use case. Can be either an actor action or a temporal event
Trigger
The most common trigger when an action taken by the primary actor initiates the use case.
Actor Action
Time related events that trigger a use case
Temporal Event
Conditions that are assumed to be in place before the use case can begin
Pre-Conditions
Conditions in the form of guarantees that must be in place when the use case is complete
Post-Conditions
Includes steps that are normally executed in a use case
Normal Flows
The normal flow of events decomposed to keep the normal flow of events as simple as possible in a use case
Sub-Flows
Flows that do happen but are not considered to be the norm
Alternate / Exceptional Flows
Show the sequence of activities in a process, including sequential and parallel activities, and decisions that are made. It may be used to construct test plans
Activity Diagram
In a structural or conceptual model, there are two types of objects namely:
- User Interface Objects
- Problem Domain Objects
Represents a collection of objects having the same characteristic properties that exhibit common behavior
Class
The constituents of a class are the following: A set of ________ for the objects that are to be instantiated from the class and referred to as class data. A set of ________ that portray the behavior of the objects of the class.
Attributes, Operations
A static model that shows the classes and the relationship among classes that remain constant in the system over time.
Class Diagram
___________ Describe the internal dynamic aspects of an information system that supports business processes in an organization.
Behavioral models
Describes an interaction among a set of objects participated in a collaboration (or scenario), arranged in a chronological order; it shows the objects participating in the interaction by their “lifelines” and the messages that they send to each other.
Sequence Diagram
A dynamic model that shows the different states through which a single object passes during its life in response to events, along with its responses and actions
State Diagram
A condition during the life of an object which it may either satisfy some condition for performing some activities or waiting for some events to be received
State
The ________ of a state machine diagram, known as an initial pseudo-state, is indicated with a solid circle. A transition from this state will show the first real state.
Initial State
The _________ of a state machine diagram is shown as concentric circles. An open loop state machine represents an object that may terminate before the system terminates, while a closed loop state machine diagram does not have a final state; if it is the case, then the object lives until the entire system terminates.
Final State
An evidence-based methodology that involves end users throughout the development process to produce information systems that are measurably easier to use, learn, and remember.
Usability Engineering
A measure of usability that refers to the degree to which users can successfully achieve goals/ complete tasks.
Effectiveness
A measure of usability that refers to the ability to operate the system to some defined level of competence after some predetermined amount of training
Learnability
A measure of usability that refers to the ability of users to accomplish goals with speed and ease
Efficiency
A measure of usability that refers to the attitude of users, including perceptions, feelings, and opinions of the product.
Satisfaction
Used to provide a simple and easy-to-understand figure to express the overall usability of a task or group of tasks. Summarizes the overall usability for a given task through the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Single Usability Measurement (SUM)
Common Usability Metrics include the following:
- Success Rate
- Total time of task
- Error Rate
- User’s subjective satisfaction
A common usability metric that is defined by a user accomplishing a usability task under any constraints placed on the task (e.g. goal state, time limit, or total number of clicks required); the success rate is the percentage of times that users can accomplish a task
Success Rate
A common usability metric representing the percentage of time users fail to accomplish a task
Error Rate
A common usability metric that describes how the user feels about the task and his or her performance; usually scored on a scale of one to five or one to seven
User’s subjective satisfaction
