Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPA REVIEW - BEC > INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY > Flashcards

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Define information systems

A

system
processes data and transactions
to provide users with information
to plan, control and operate an organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Process of information systems

A 
Collect data
Input into the system
Process data
Provide users with information
Control process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of IT

DEMMOTE

A 
Decision support
Expert
Management reporting
Management information
Office automation 
Transaction processing
Executive information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define office automation system

A

computerized system
support daily work of employees
improve productivity

word processing
excel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transaction processing system

A

daily processing of transactions

- airplane reservations systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Management reporting

A

helps in decision making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Management information

A

provide past, present, future information

for planning, organizing and controlling the operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Decision support systems

A

combine models and data
to resolve non-structured problems
with extensive user involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Expert systems

A

apply reasoning methods to data

to render advice like a human expert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Executive information

A

supports executive work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two distinct roles of info system

A
  1. recording transactions

2. support for decision-making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is systems design

A

design of business processes

for effectiveness and efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Steps in systems development life cycle

PADD TIM

A 
Planning
Analysis
Design
Development
Testing
Implementation
Maintenance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

THE PLANNING PHASE #1 PSSPF

A 
Problem - identify
System - what to be developed?
Scope 
Plan - develop project plan
Initial feasibility - evaluate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Planning phase

How to define the system to be developed?

A

Identify
Select - system to be developed
based on strategic goals of the organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Planning phase

How to determine the project scope? BEAD

A

Boundaries - set project’s boundaries
Achievement - what can the new system do?
Evaluation process - how?
Document -create the project scope document
- description of the scope

Scope may be revisited or revised during the process of systems design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Planning Phase -

How to develop a project plan?

A

Activities - define activities to be performed
Resources - Individuals and resources to be used
Dates and Milestones
- start, end, and milestone dates
for the activities to be performed

what activities?
what resources are needed?
when?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a project plan?

A

plan that defines:

  1. activities that will be performed
  2. individuals and resources that will be used
  3. establish milestones for activity performance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Difference between project scope and plan

A

Scope - what the project will do? its boundaries? understand the new system, how to evaluate it

Plan - activities, who will perform, what resources to use and milestones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Initial feasibility of the project

A 
Initial Evaluation
Determine the project's:
        technical
        organizational
        economic feasibility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ANALYSIS PHASE #2

A

Team determines system requirements:

Needs Assessment
Gap Analysis
Requirements Definition Document
Systems Specification Document

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Composition of Team in Analysis Phase

A

Team composed of:

end users
technology specialists
systems analysts
process design specialists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Purpose of team analysis

A

to understand the requirements

of the proposed system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is needs assessment?

A

During analysis phase
determines the system requirements

in terms of:

processes
data capture
information and reporting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is gap analysis?

A

Examines the difference

proposed vs existing system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is requirements definition document?

A

establish priorities for the gaps

receive sign-off from end users

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is system specification documents?

A

Contain information on the basic requirements:

performance levels
reliability
quality
interface
security and privacy
constraints and limitations
functional capabilities
data structures and elements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

THE DESIGN PHASE #3

A

Goal is to build a technical blueprint of how the proposed system will work.

Design the components of the system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Components of the systems design

A

DURIP

database
user interface for input and output
required reports
infrastructure and control
programs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

THE DEVELOPMENT PHASE #4

A
  1. transform documents
    from design phase into the actual system
  2. build the system platform -
    built or purchased off the shelf
  3. customize the platform
  4. develop the database
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

THE TESTING PHASE #5

A
  1. verify if the system works
  2. if it meets the system requirements
    as defined in the analysis phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Four kinds of testing

A

unit testing
system testing
integration testing
user acceptance testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is unit testing?

A

test pieces of code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is system testing?

A

testing of the integration of

units or pieces of code into a system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is integration system testing?

A

test whether separate systems can work together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is user acceptance testing?

A

test if the system meets business requirements

test if it enables users to perform their jobs efficiently and effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

THE IMPLEMENTATION PHASE #6

A

putting the system in operation by the users
provide detailed user documentation
train users
use different implementation methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Implementation Methods

A

parralel implementation
plunge implementation
pilot implementation
phased implementation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Parallel implementation

A

use both systems until new system is operating properly
full operational test of new system while old system is in use
less risk of system disaster

disadvantage - additional work and double in cost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Plunge implementation

A

stop using the old system and use new system immediately

less costly but risky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Pilot implementation

A

small group of individuals using the new system until sure that its working properly
partial operational test at lower cost than parralel
and less risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Phased implementation

A

install the system in a series of phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

THE MAINTENANCE PHASE #7

A

monitoring and supporting the new system
ongoing training
help desk resources
system of making authorized and tested changes to the system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

General components of IT system

A

computers
hardwares
software

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Types of Computers

A 
supercomputers
mainframe computers
servers
microcomputers
tablets/smart phones/personal digital assistants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Types of hardware

A

CPU
secondary storage
input devices
output devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Types of software

A

systems software

applications software

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Methods of processing

A

batch or online real time

centralized/decentralized/distributed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Methods of data structure

A

data organization for computer operations

data file structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Supercomputers

A

extremely powerful
high speed
for extremely high volume and complex processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Mainframe computers

A

large, powerful, high speed
less powerful than supercomputers
for high volume transaction processing needs
clusters of lower cost powerful servers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Servers

A

high powered microcomputers
serve applications and data to clients
clients connected via network
greater capacity than clients microcomputers
central repository for organizational data
virtual machine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Virtual machine

A

multiple operating systems coexist and operate simultaneously on the same machine
lower hardware costs and increased energy savings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Microcomputers

A

desktop
laptop
personal computers
designed for one person use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

CPU

A

the principal hardware component

major function:

fetch stored instructions and data
decode instructions
carry out the instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Functions of CPU

A

fetch stored instructions and data
decode instructions
carry out the instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Components of CPU

A

arithmetic/logic unit
primary memory (storage)
control unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Arithmetic logic unit - cpu component

A

performs mathematical operations and logical operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Primary memory/storage - cpu component

A

active data and program steps being processed by the cpu

RAM - random access
ROM - read only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

RAM

A

stores application programs and data

at execution time

61
Q

Control unit - cpu component

A

interprets program instructions

coordinates input, output and storage devices

62
Q

Secondary storage

A 
magnetic tape
magnetic discs
RAID  - redundant array of independent discs
compact discs
solid state drives SSD
cloud based storage
63
Q

Magnetic tape

A

slowest type of storage
data stored sequentially
used for archiving purposes

64
Q

Magnetic discs

A

most common storage
hard discs
hard disk drives _HDD
data can be accessed directly

65
Q

RAID

A

redundant array of independent
store same data redundantly in multiple magnetic discs

in original recording, data is written to multiple discs
if a disc fails, another one is available

66
Q

Compact discs

A

CD DVD
same size
both use optical technology to read and write data

67
Q

SSD solid state drive - USB, thumb drives, flash drive

A

use microchips to store data
use usb interface to plug
don’t require moving parts for read and write operations
faster and more expensive per gb than cd and dvd and hdd
used for auxiliary storage

68
Q

Cloud based storage - SAAS

A

called storage as a service
hosted offsite by third parties
accessed via internet

69
Q

Manner of Representation of information

A

digital

analog

70
Q

Digital

A

represents information by series of binary digits 0s and 1s

bit - one binary digit
byte - series of bits, can be a letter, number

71
Q

Analog

A

produced by fluctuations of a continuous signal - speech, temperature, weight, speed
does not use 0s and 1s
uses electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic devices to transmit fluctuations in the signal

72
Q

Online

A

equipment in direct communication with cpu

connection with internet

73
Q

Off line

A

equipment not in direct communication with cpu

no internet connection

74
Q

What is a Console

A

terminal used for communication between operator and computer

75
Q

What is Peripheral equipment

A

all non cpu hardware under the control of cpu
can be online or offline
input, storage, output, communication

76
Q

What are Controllers

A

hardware units used to operate input output units

77
Q

Waht is Buffer

A

temporary storage unit used to hold data during computer operations

78
Q

What is MIPS

A

millions of instructions per second

unit of measuring the execution speed of computers

79
Q

Types of Input Devices

A

keying data - key to tape or key to disk
online entry
turn around documents
automated source data input devices
electronic commerce and electronic data interchange
electronic commerce
electronic data interchange

80
Q

Kinds of automated source data input devices

A 
magnetic tape reader
magnetic ink character reader
scanner
auto teller machine
radio frequency identification RFID
POS recorders point of sale
voice recognition
81
Q

What is Key to tape or key to disk?

A

data is entered on magnetic tape or disk then read into a computer

82
Q

Types of Online entry

A
  1. visual display terminal/monitors
  2. mouse, joystick, light pens
  3. touch sensitive screen
83
Q

Types of visual display terminals/monitor

A

uses keyboard to directly enter data into computer

input interface
graphical user interface
command line interface

84
Q

What is input interface?

A

program that controls the display for the user and allows the user to interact with the system

85
Q

What is graphical user interface?

A

GUI

uses icons, pictures, and menus instead of texts for inputs

86
Q

What is command line interface?

A

uses text type commands

87
Q

Turnaround documents

A

documents sent to the customer and returned as inputs

88
Q

Magnetic tape reader

A

device capable of sensing information recorded as magnetic spots on magnetic tape

89
Q

Magnetic ink character reader

A

MICR

reads characters that have been encoded with a magnetic ink

90
Q

Scanner

A

device that reads characters on printed pages

91
Q

ATM

A

machine used to execute and record transactions with financial institutions

92
Q

RFID radio frequency identification

A

uses radio waves to track and input data
for inventory systems, contactless payment systems
RFID tags can be read wirelessly by RFID readers
dos not require line of sight access or barcode

example - speedpass toll collection

93
Q

POS

A

device that reads price and product code data
functions as terminal and cash register
can record, track customer orders, process debit credit cards

94
Q

Electronic commerce and electronic data interchange

A

one company’s computer communicating with another company’s computer.
ex. buyer sending a purchase order to supplier

95
Q

Plotter?

A

an output device that produce graphs

96
Q

COM - computer output to microfilm or microfiche

A

uses photographic process to store output

97
Q

Components of system software

A

Operating system
Utility programs
Communications software

98
Q

What is an operating system?

A

Windows, linux, unix

Manages the input, output, processing, storage devices and operations of a computer

99
Q

What is a utility program?

A

handles common file and data manipulation and housekeeping tasks

100
Q

What is a communications software?

A

controls and supports transmission between computers, monitors and databases

101
Q

Applications software?

A

programs designed for specific applications :

word processing, spreadsheets, email, database systems

102
Q

Types of accounting software

A

low end
high end
ERP

103
Q

Low end accounting software

A

all in one package - designed for small businesses

104
Q

High end software

A

set up in modules like Sage 100

105
Q

ERP

A

enterprise resource planning

complete info system for large and medium size organizations
SAP, Peoplesoft, Oracle and JD Edwards

106
Q

Advantages of ERP

A

integration of various portions of the information system

direct electronic communication with suppliers and customers

increased responsiveness to information requests for decision making

107
Q

Disadvantages of ERP

A

complexity
expensive
difficult integration with supplier and customer

108
Q

Compiler?

A

Produces a machine language object program from a source program language

109
Q

What is multiprocessing?

A

simultaneous execution of two or more tasks, two or more cpus

110
Q

What is multitasking?

A

simultaneous processing of several jobs on a computer

111
Q

What is object program?

A

converted source program that was changed using a compiler to create a set of machine readable instructions that the CPU understands

112
Q

Generations of source Source programming

A

program written in language form from which statements are translated into machine language

Machine language
Assembly language
High level programming language - java, c++, cobol
Application specific language
Visual or graphical interface compiled with 3rd or 4th generation compiler

113
Q

Assembly language?

A

low level programming language that uses words instead of numbers (mnemonics) to perform an operation

assembly language must be translated to machine language by a utility progam called an assembler

114
Q

Assembler?

A

translates assembly language to machine language to perform an operation

115
Q

Machine language?

A

uses combinations of 1s and 0s language

116
Q

Compiler?

A

produces a machine language object program from a source program language

117
Q

High level programming language?

A

are object oriented programs

118
Q

Object oriented programs?

A 
based on the concept of an object
keep together data structures and method thru encapsulation
uses the concept of a class and inheritance
119
Q

Object?

A

data structure that uses a set of routines

120
Q

Methods?

A

set of routines used by the data structure

121
Q

Class?

A

set of objects with similar structures

122
Q

Inheritance?

A

ability to create new classes from existing classes

classes - set of objects

123
Q

Application specific language

A

Query style
built around database systems
closer to human languages

124
Q

Visual or graphical interface?

A

creates source language usually compiled by 3rd or 4th generation compiler

125
Q

Virtual memory storage?

A

like icloud

online secondary memory used as an extension of primary memory

126
Q

Protocol?

A

rules determining the required format and methods for transmission of data

127
Q

Desk checking

A

review of the program by the programmer for errors before the program is run and debugged on the computer

128
Q

Debug?

A

find and eliminate errors in a program

129
Q

Edit

A

correct input data before processing

130
Q

Loop

A

set of program instructions performed repetitively a predetermined number of times or until all of the data are processed

131
Q

Memory dump

A

listing of the contents of the storage

132
Q

Patch

A

section of coding inserted into a program to correct a mistake or alter a routine

133
Q

Run

A

complete cycle of a program - input, processing, output

134
Q

Batch?

A

groups of like transactions, leaves easy to follow audit trail

135
Q

Online Real time or Direct access processing

A

transactions are processed in the order by which they occur

can be online transaction processing or
online analytical processing

136
Q

OLTP - Online Transaction Processing

A

ex. airline reservation system, atm

supports day to day operations

137
Q

OLAP - Online Analytical Processing System

A

enables the user to query the system - retrieve data, conduct analysis

used for analytical analysis

138
Q

THE OLAP SYSTEM

A
  1. Uses graphical and statistical tools to view and analyze data (multidimentional)
  2. Used as decision-support systems
  3. periodically downloads and combines operational databases into a data warehouse or data mart
  4. Artificial intelligence - software designed to help humans make decisions
  5. Expert system - form of artificial intelligence that guides decision processes within a well defined area and allows decisions comparable to those of an expert
139
Q

What is the process of artificial intelligence?

A
  1. Software designed to help humans make decisions
  2. Models aspects of human thought on computers
  3. Deals with decisions made using relatively structured approach
  4. Quickly solves a problem that a human could ultimately be solved through extremely detailed analysis
140
Q

What is the process of expert system?

A
  1. form of AI
  2. Guides decision processes within a well-defined area
  3. allows decisions comparable to those of an expert
  4. Expert knowledge is modeled into a mathematical system
141
Q

Decision Support System?

A

Computer based information system combine models and data in an attempt to solve relatively unstructured problems with extensive user involvement

142
Q

Data warehouse?

A

a subject-oriented integrated collection of data used to support management decision-making processes

143
Q

Data mart?

A

a data warehouse that is limited in scope

144
Q

Data mining?

A

sophisticated techniques from:

statistics
artificial intelligence and
computer graphics

to explain, confirm and explore
the relationships among data(in data mart or data warehouse)

145
Q

Methods of processing

A
  1. Batch or online real time

2. Centralized, decentralized, or distributed

146
Q

Centralized processing?

A

Processing in one location

Mainframe computer processes data submitted to it through terminals

147
Q

Decentralized processing?

A

Processing and storage of data at multiple locations
Computers are not interconnected by a network
Users at various sites cannot share data
A collection of independent databases, not single database
End user computing is decentralized

148
Q

Distributed processing

A

Transactions for a single database
processed at various sites
Processing may be batch or online real time
Overall single database is ordinarily updated for these transactions and available at the various sites

CPA REVIEW - BEC (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions