Information Systems and Data Management Flashcards
What does dynamic scaling allow
It allows the cloud infrastructure to adapt and allocate resources based on demand. During peak hours, it ensures that the website can handle increased traffic effectively.
What does data transformation mean
Converts data from various sources into a common format and ensures consistency and compatibility.
What does data collection mean
The step where data is gathered but does not inherently ensure data consistency or compatibility.
What does data validation mean
Comes after data transformation and checks data quality but is not primarily focused on data consistency.
What does data analysis mean
Involves deriving insights from data but is not primarily about ensuring data consistency or compatibility.
What are the primary purposes of information systems in a business?
Support business operations, facilitate decision-making, and provide competitive advantage.
Name the types of information systems commonly used in organizations.
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS), Management Information Systems (MIS), Decision Support Systems (DSS), Executive Information Systems (EIS).
What are the main components of an information system?
Hardware, software, data, people, procedures, and networks.
What are general controls in information systems?
Security management, access controls, and software development controls.
Define application controls in the context of information systems.
Controls that ensure the accuracy, completeness, and validity of data processing, including input, processing, and output controls.
What are the three main principles of information security?
Confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
What is the purpose of a firewall in information security?
To protect a network by controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
What is COBIT, and why is it important in IT governance?
COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) is a framework for developing, implementing, monitoring, and improving IT governance and management practices.
Describe the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
A process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system, typically involving phases such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.
What are the benefits and risks associated with cloud computing?
Benefits include scalability, cost-efficiency, and accessibility. Risks involve data security, privacy concerns, and potential downtime.
What is the role of an IT audit?
To evaluate the controls, policies, and procedures of an organization’s IT systems to ensure data integrity, security, and alignment with business objectives.
What are CAATs in the context of IT audits?
Computer-Assisted Audit Techniques, which are tools used by auditors to analyze large volumes of data efficiently.
Describe IaaS (Infrastructure as a service)
provides the basic building blocks for cloud IT and typically provides access to IT assets from a cloud provider who charges on a pay-as-you-go basis.
Describe PaaS (Platform as a service)
refers to cloud computing services that supply an on-demand environment for developing, testing, delivering, and managing software applications, allowing developers to focus on creating and delivering those applications rather than worrying about resource procurement, capacity planning, software maintenance, or infrastructure management.
Describe SaaS (Software as a service)
delivers software applications over the internet, on demand, and typically on a subscription basis. With SaaS, cloud providers host and manage the software application and underlying infrastructure and handle maintenance, like software upgrades and security patching. Users connect to the application over the internet, usually with a web browser on their phone, tablet, or PC (personal computer).
What is a warm site?
A warm site has telecommunications ready to be utilized and has partially configured IT infrastructure with network connections and essential peripheral equipment such as disk drives.
What is a cold site?
A cold site is an empty shell facility equipped with environmental controls (e.g., heat, air conditioning) and electrical power.
What is a hot site?
A hot site is a fully equipped facility ready to operate quickly.
What database model is depicted using blocks and arrows?
Network data model
What does a relational database model consist of?
consists of columns equal to data elements in a conventional file and rows equal to data records in a traditional file, represented in a table.
What does an object-oriented database management system consist of?
contains objects which are basic entities that have data structures and operations. Every object has an object ID that is a unique, system-provided identifier. Classes describe generic object types.
What does database reorganization do?
eliminates unused space between the valid records as a result of a deletion of some records.
What does database restructuring involve?
Database restructuring involves performing logical and physical changes.
What is the purpose of using performance reporting tools?
to maintain database efficiency.
Job stream checkpoints are used for what?
to minimize data loss and to recover data after a system failure.
What is a metadata repository?
A metadata repository is a data repository that catalogues and documents information about data assets. It contains information about the source of data, how it was captured, data definitions, and other relevant details.
In SQL, what is the ‘HAVING’ clause used for?
The “HAVING” clause is used to filter grouped data based on aggregation conditions after aggregation has taken place. It allows you to filter results based on aggregate values, making it especially useful in scenarios involving aggregate functions like SUM, COUNT, or AVG.
In SQL, what is the ‘GROUP BY’ clause used for?
The “GROUP BY” clause is used for grouping data, not for filtering data after aggregation.
In SQL, what is the ‘SELECT’ clause used for?
The “SELECT” clause specifies the columns to retrieve but is not primarily focused on filtering data based on aggregate values.
In SQL, what is the ‘FROM’ clause used for?
The “FROM” clause identifies the tables or views from which data is retrieved but is not used for filtering data after aggregation.
