Information Processing/Intelligence Flashcards
What is the information processing approach to development
How individuals manipulate information, monitor it and create strategies for handling. Attention, memory and thinking are involved in information processing.
What are the two main cognitive resources
Capacity and speed of processing information.
According to Siegler, there are three important mechanisms of change that are ___________, __________, ___________.
Encoding
Automaticity
Strategy construction
What is an important part of self-modification
Metacognition- knowing about knowing
Piaget’s theory vs. Information processing approach
The information processes approach does not see development as occurring distinct stages like Piaget’s theory
Selective attention
focusing on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others
Divided attention
concentrating on more than one activity at the same time
Sustained attention
maintaining attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time
Executive attention
planning actions, allocating attention to goals, detecting errors
What type of process dominates attention during the first year of life
orienting/investigative process
When do infants start to display implicit memory
as young as 2-3 months
What type of memory increase in adolescent -hood
Short-term/working memory
Thinking in infants focused on _________
Concept formation and categorization
Two important aspects of adolescent thinking are
critical thinking and decision making
Theory of mind
Awareness of one’s own mental processes and the mental processes of others
What do children with Autism have a hard time developing
Theory of mind
When does metamemory improve
In middle to late childhood
Siegler’s adaptive strategy choice model
Children have multiple strategies available at any point in time, with different strategies used more frequently at different ages.
What fo most information processing psychologist argue
They argue that an increase in capacity also improves processing of information
Robert Siegler argues that
Mechanisms of change are especially important in the advances children make in cognitive development
Concepts
Cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people,or ideas
Executive function
An umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the pre-frontal cortex
Strategy choice model
Children have multiple strategies available at any point in time and the strategy selected for use is dependent
Two strategies parents can use to guide children’s retention of memory are
Repeat with variation on the instructional information, and link early and often
Embed memory-relevant language when instructing children
Fuzzy trace theory states what
States that memory is best understood by considering two types of memory representations: (1) verbatim memory “precise details” traces, and (2) fuzzy trace, or gist.
