Information Processing/Intelligence

Question 1

What is the information processing approach to development

Answer 1

How individuals manipulate information, monitor it and create strategies for handling. Attention, memory and thinking are involved in information processing.

Question 2

What are the two main cognitive resources

Answer 2

Capacity and speed of processing information.

Question 3

According to Siegler, there are three important mechanisms of change that are ___________, __________, ___________.

Answer 3

Encoding
Automaticity
Strategy construction

Question 4

What is an important part of self-modification

Answer 4

Metacognition- knowing about knowing

Question 5

Piaget’s theory vs. Information processing approach

Answer 5

The information processes approach does not see development as occurring distinct stages like Piaget’s theory

Question 6

Selective attention

Answer 6

focusing on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others

Question 7

Divided attention

Answer 7

concentrating on more than one activity at the same time

Question 8

Sustained attention

Answer 8

maintaining attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time

Question 9

Executive attention

Answer 9

planning actions, allocating attention to goals, detecting errors

Question 10

What type of process dominates attention during the first year of life

Answer 10

orienting/investigative process

Question 11

When do infants start to display implicit memory

Answer 11

as young as 2-3 months

Question 12

What type of memory increase in adolescent -hood

Answer 12

Short-term/working memory

Question 13

Thinking in infants focused on _________

Answer 13

Concept formation and categorization

Question 14

Two important aspects of adolescent thinking are

Answer 14

critical thinking and decision making

Question 15

Theory of mind

Answer 15

Awareness of one’s own mental processes and the mental processes of others

Question 16

What do children with Autism have a hard time developing

Answer 16

Theory of mind

Question 17

When does metamemory improve

Answer 17

In middle to late childhood

Question 18

Siegler’s adaptive strategy choice model

Answer 18

Children have multiple strategies available at any point in time, with different strategies used more frequently at different ages.

Question 19

What fo most information processing psychologist argue

Answer 19

They argue that an increase in capacity also improves processing of information

Question 20

Robert Siegler argues that

Answer 20

Mechanisms of change are especially important in the advances children make in cognitive development

Question 21

Concepts

Answer 21

Cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people,or ideas

Question 22

Executive function

Answer 22

An umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the pre-frontal cortex

Question 23

Strategy choice model

Answer 23

Children have multiple strategies available at any point in time and the strategy selected for use is dependent

Question 24

Two strategies parents can use to guide children’s retention of memory are

Answer 24

Repeat with variation on the instructional information, and link early and often
Embed memory-relevant language when instructing children

Question 25

Fuzzy trace theory states what

Answer 25

States that memory is best understood by considering two types of memory representations: (1) verbatim memory “precise details” traces, and (2) fuzzy trace, or gist.