Information Processing Flashcards

1
Q

What is stimuli?

A

Stimuli is sensory input. A thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.

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2
Q

What are some examples of stimuli?

A
  1. Sound - alarms
  2. Light - LED
  3. Chemicals - bitterness
  4. Tactile - degree of rise and fall
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3
Q

What is information coding?

A

Use of stimulus attributes to convey meaning.

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4
Q

What are examples of information coding?

A
  1. Shape (stop signs)
  2. Size (population size)
  3. Color (normal)
  4. Pitch (high or low)
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5
Q

What are the five characteristics of a coding systems?

A

1) Detectability of codes (thresholds)
2) Discriminability of codes (JNDs)
3) Meaningfulness of codes
4) Standardization of codes
5) Code Redundancy

Dont Diss My Special Cats

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6
Q

What are 10 types of “sensing”

A

1) Vision
2) Hearing
3) Small
4) Touch
5) Temperature
6) Pain
7) Kinesthetic
8) Equilibrium
9) Vibration
10) Sensory Memory (Iconic: Visual; Echoic: Auditory)
11) LImits (detection thresholds; discrimination thresholds; pain)

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7
Q

What is the definition of perception?

A

The process of attaining awareness of sensory information, which includes:

1) interpretation of sensory stimuli
2) pattern recognition
3) preparation for further processing

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8
Q

What are the three elements of the perception process?

A

1) Feature analysis (e.g., text, object perception)
2) Unitization (e.g., combining a set of features)
3) Top-down processing (use of context, expectancy)
(examples: recognizing face of friend; detecting defect in piece of plywood)

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9
Q

What is a signal as it relates to information processing?

A

A stimulus having a special pattern.

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10
Q

What is noise?

A

Anything that obsures stimuli.

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11
Q

What is a task?

A

A piece of work to be done or undertaken.

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12
Q

Give an example of signal detection.

A

Example: steam power plant.

1) task: detect boiler leak
2) stimulus: sound pressure level (SPL)
3) signal: higher than normal SPL

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13
Q

Example the stimulus response matrix.

A
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14
Q

What is the definition of Information Theory?

A

Information theory involves the quantification of information. In human performance, less interest is given in the amount of information in a stimulus that in the amount transmitted by the human operator to the response. It is based on a prescription of optimal behavior. This optimum can be prescribed in terms of the order in which the true-false questions can be answered.

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15
Q

Information results in a reduction in uncertainty through what three things?

A

1) Number of possible events
2) Probability of the events
3) Sequential constraints and context.

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