Information Processes Flashcards
what is collecting?
collecting is the information process that involves deciding what to collect, locating it and collecting it.
collecting involves four steps:
Defining the required data-deciding what data is needed
identifying the source of the data-where the data can be found
determining how the data will be gathered - what tools will be required
gathering the data- collecting and entering the data into the Information system
describe data data can come from either primary or secondary sources.
Primary sources refers to data that is collected first-hand. Many organisations prefer to generate their own primary data because they consider it meaningful and reliable, although it is time-consuming and costly. Data from primary sources is acquired by interviewing people, conducting surveys and questionnaires, or observing a system in operation (see Figure 1.8). Secondary sources refers to data that is collected or created by someone else. For example, newspapers, books, other print media, electronic databases, CD-ROMs and the Internet are secondary sources. This is often the quickest and least costly method of collecting data.
what is organising?
Organising is the process that arranges, represents and formats data for use by other information processes.
what is analysing?
Analysing is the process that interprets data, transforming it into information. It involves examining data and giving meaning to it.
why charts and graphs are often used in the analysis of data
They make it easy to interpret data by making instant comparisons and revealing trends. Charts help people to make quick and accurate decisions.
what is storing and retrieving?
storing saves data for later use; retrieving obtains data that has been previously saved.
why process in storing and retrieving is important?
since most information systems need to retain data for further processing and to guard against data loss.
what is backup?
is a copy of data or soft- ware kept for the purpose of safety.
what is processing?
Processing is the manipulation of data and information. It occurs whenever the data or information is modified and updated.
what is CPU?
The CPU accepts data from an input device, changes this data according to the instructions given by the user, and then sends the results to an output device
what is the processor consists of?
A processor consists of millions of electrical components located on a thin silicon wafer called an integrated circuit or silicon chip.
what is the speed of the processor?
the speed of a processor is measured in megahertz (mHz) and is called its clock speed.
what is transmitting and receiving?
Transmitting and receiving is the transfer of data within and between information systems.
in how many ways data can transfer between computers and devices?
parallel transmission is the transmission of pieces of data simultaneously using separate lines. Serial transmission is the transmission of pieces of data one after the other. Serial trans- mission is used with many peripheral devices, such as mice, keyboards, modems and plotters. Parallel transmission is used for most printers.
