Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ZOOL110 > Information on Learned Phyla > Flashcards

Information on Learned Phyla Flashcards

1
Q

What single-celled organism is most closely related to animals, but is a protist?

A

Choanoflagellate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three main cell types of sponges and their function?

A
  • choanocytes (feeding cells)
  • pinacocytes (surface cells)
  • archaeocytes (differentiation cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the feeding method of sponges.

A

They are filter feeders - water goes in through the porocytes, brings in food particles, and is filtered out through the osculum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What supports a sponge?

A

Spicules (can be fibrous/flexible, shell-like, or like glass)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do sponges procreate?

A

Asexually via buds, or sexually via gametes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Does a sponge have a blastula? Why is this important?

A

YES - all animals undergo development that involves a blastula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What class accounts for 95% of all Porifera?

A

Class Demospongia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain the specialized cells of Cnidaria.

A

Cnidocytes: cells that contain cnidocystes which are responsible for the firing of stinging injections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two body plans of Cnidaria?

A
  • Medusa

- Polyp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cnidaria: type of gut, symmetry, diplo/triploblastic

A

Blind gut, radial symmetry, and diploblastic (have a mesoglea, not a mesoderm).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the largest class of Cnidaria? What body form do they take on? What are a few animals?

A

Anthozoa - ONLY polyp phase - sea anemones, coral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What class are the “true jellies”?

A

Class Scyphozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Briefly break down the life cycle of the Scyphozoa, the housing of sex organs, and how they reproduce.

A

Polyp to medusa, dioecious, asexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which phylum is most closely related to Cnidaria?

A

Ctenophora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ctenophora: diploblastic or triploblastic?

A

Diploblastic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the biggest characteristic that excludes Ctenophora from being Cnidarians?

A

The lack of cnidocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What animals were the first to have bilateral symmetry?

A

Platyhelminthes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is cephalization?

A

The congregation of important organs to one area of a body, namely, a head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the name of the horseshoe shaped feeding appendage? What is the overarching name for the organisms with this appendage?

A

Lophophore; Lophotrochozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do the Platyhelminthes have any clear features/synapomorphies?

A

NOPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Platyhelminthes: type of gut, symmetry, type of “blastic”, type of body cavity

A

Incomplete gut, bilateral, triploblastic, acoelomate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Are “type of gut” and “type of body cavity” the same thing???

A

NO, YOU FUCKING TWAT. NO.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Platyhelminthes are monoecious

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What phylum is similar to flatworms (but isn’t)?

A

Phylum Nemertea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nemertea: type of “blastic”, type of body cavity, type of gut, type of vascular system.

A

Triploblastic, eucoelomate, complete gut, blood-vascular system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What phylum are the roundworms?

A

Nematoda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What’s the broad term to describe all animals that shed their outer cuticle? What’s the word that describes this molting?

A

Ecdysozoa, the term is ecdysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

T or F: Nematoda are not Ecdysozoans

A

False: they are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Can you name the 6 phyla of psuedocoelomates?

A
  • Rotifera
  • Aranthocephala
  • Loricifera
  • Kinorhyncha
  • Nematoda
  • Nematomorpha
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Nematoda: type of “blastic”, type of body cavity, type of gut, type of vascular system.

A

Triploblastic, psuedocoelomate, complete gut, no circular or respiratory system (they use diffusion to breath).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Name some animals in the phylum Mollusca

A

Chitin, clams, sea slugs, octopi, squids, snails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is a radula?

A

A protrusible tongue-like organ with teeth that is special to Mollusca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the word for gills in the phylum Mollusca?

A

Ctenidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Mollusca: type of “blastic”, type of body cavity, type of gut, type of vascular system, sex organs housed, nervous system present?

A

Triploblastic, eucoelomate, complete gut, open circulatory system (closed only for cephalopods), typically dioecious, nervous system present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Is there one genus of animal called a mollusk?

A

No. The word “mollusk” is used to describe any animal in the phylum Mollusca.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are some characteristics of the mollusks?

A
  • head/foot combination
  • radula
  • shell
  • gills (ctenidia)
  • mantle
  • metanephridia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the mantle in a mollusk?

A

It is the folds of skin - outgrowths of the body wall - that forms new periostracum (the shell).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How is a pearl formed?

A

A piece of sand gets stuck between the shell and the mantle, and gets surrounded by nacrious layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What two general groups have direct development in mollusks?

A

Gastropods and cephalopods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How many of the 8 classes of Mollusca can you name?

A
  • Caudofoveata
  • Solenogastres
  • Polyplacophora
  • Monoplacophora
  • Gastropoda
  • Bivalvia
  • Scaphopoda
  • Cephalopoda
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Which class of mollusks is known for their many chiton plates, and are commonly called chitons?

A

Polyplacophora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Name some animals in the class Gastropoda

A

Snails, limpets, slugs, sea slugs, sea butterflies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

How many species are in the most diverse mollusks class?

A

Gastropoda - 70k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Describe developmental (ontogenetic) torsion, and the phylum/class it’s usually associated with

A

It’s when the mouth and the anus are linearly lined as juveniles, but end up becoming twisted counterclockwise so the anus ends up above the head (and lines up with the mantle cavity) during maturation. Mollusca/Gastropoda.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Phylum/Class/Subclass of land and freshwater snails and slugs

A

Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The subclass Pulmonata has lost what ancestral characteristic to develop lungs?

A

Ctenidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The anus is located near what in Pulmonata, meaning their waste exits this opening?

A

The pneumostome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

T or F: Pulmonata are monoecious.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Name some animals in the class Bivalvia

A

Mussels, clams, scallops, oysters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What makes bivalves unique from other mollusks?

A

No head, no radula, little cephalization, most are sedentary filter feeders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Name some animals in the class Cephalopoda.

A

Squids, octopuses, cuttlefish, nautiluses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What does “Cephalopoda” mean?

A

” Head foot”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

The modified foot merged with the head region in cephalopods forms what?

A

A siphon and tentacles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Who are the Annelida?

A

Segmented worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Annelida: type of “blastic”, type of body cavity, type of gut, type of vascular system, sex organs housed

A

Triploblastic, eucoelomate, complete gut, closed vascular system, monoecious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Who are in the subclass Sedentaria?

A

Marine tube worms

57
Q

Who are in the class Clitellata?

A

Earthworms, or anyone with a clitellum

58
Q

Which phylum/class do leeches belong in?

A

Annelida, Clitellata

59
Q

Who are the phylum Onychophora?

A

Velvet worms

60
Q

Who are the phylum Tardigrada?

A

Water bears

61
Q

Arthropoda: type of “blastic”, type of body cavity, type of gut, type of vascular system, sex organs housed.

A

Triploblastic, eucoelomate, complete gut, open circulatory system, dioecious

62
Q

Because arthropods molt their outer later, what are clade do they belong in?

A

Ecdysozoa

63
Q

What does “Arthropoda” mean?

A

Jointed foot

64
Q

What are the three subclasses of Arthropoda?

A
  • Chelicerata
  • Myriapoda
  • Crustecea
65
Q

What’s another word for “body segments”?

A

Tagmata

66
Q

What are chelicerae? What phylum do those with these belong?

A

They are a pair of appendages on the head with many uses. Arthropoda.

67
Q

T or F: Trilobites were crustaceans

A

False. They were arthropods.

68
Q

How many tagmata do chelicerates have?

A

Two: cephalothorax and abdomen

69
Q

The claws (chelae) on scorpions are modified what? What phylum/class/order do these animals belong?

A

Pedipalps. Arthropoda/Arachnida/Scorpiones

70
Q

What phylum/class/order do harvestmen belong?

A

Arthropoda/Arachnida/Opiliones

71
Q

What phylum/class/order do spiders belong?

A

Arthropoda/Arachnida/Araneae

72
Q

What phylum/class/order do ticks/mites belong?

A

Arthropoda/Arachnida/Acari

73
Q

Who are in the subphylum Myriapoda?

A

Centipedes and millipedes

74
Q

Name the classes centipedes and millipedes belong. How can you tell the difference?

A

Centipedes: Chilopoda. Millipedes: Diplopoda. Millipedes have two legs per body segment, while Centipedes have one.

75
Q

Which myriapod is predatory?

A

Chilopods (centipedes)

76
Q

Who are the only arthropods to have two pairs of antennae?

A

The crustaceans

77
Q

T or F: Crustacea is a class in the phylum Arthropoda.

A

FALSE. It’s a subphylum.

78
Q

Name some animals that are crustaceans.

A

Shrimp, lobster, pill-bugs, crabs

79
Q

How many tagmata do crustaceans have?

A

Two: cephalothorax and abdomen

80
Q

What subphylum of Arthropoda has six legs?

A

Hexapoda

81
Q

Name the phylum/subphylum/class insects belong.

A

Arthropoda/Hexapoda/Insecta

82
Q

How many tagmata do insects have?

A

Three: head, thorax, and abdomen

83
Q

What are setae?

A

Bristle or hair-like structures

84
Q

How many pairs of antennae do insects typically have?

A

One

85
Q

T or F: Insects are typically monoecious

A

False. They’re usually dioecious

86
Q

What are Malpigian tubules? What phylum can this be found in?

A

An excretory system. Arthropoda.

87
Q

Phylum/Class/Order of beetles (who have more than 250k species!)

A

Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera

88
Q

Phylum/Class/Order of bees/ants/wasps

A

Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera

89
Q

Phylum/Class/Order of butterflies

A

Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera

90
Q

Echinodermata: type of “blastic”, type of body cavity, type of gut, type of vascular system, sex organs housed, nervous system present?

A

Triploblastic, eucoelomate, complete gut, water-vascular system, dioecious, no brain - only simple sense organs

91
Q

Who are the top predators of the reef?

A

Sea stars

92
Q

Name the phylum/class of sea stars

A

Echinodermata/Asteroidea

93
Q

What is a madreporite?

A

An opening that allows water into the water vascular system of sea stars.

94
Q

The water vascular system in sea stars is formed from the —

A

Coelom

95
Q

Name the phylum/class of sea urchins

A

Echinodermata/Echinoidea

96
Q

What is the solid shell of sea urchins called?

A

A “test”

97
Q

What is the complex mouthpart used for feeding in Echinoidea called?

A

Aristotle’s lantern

98
Q

What are the deuterostome phyla we’ve learned so far? Does that mean the rest are protostomes?

A

Echinodermata and Hemichordata. No - Porifera and Cnidaria are neither.

99
Q

T or F: Those who are triploblastic all possess organs.

A

True

100
Q

T or F: Those who are diploblastic all possess organs

A

False. Organs come from the mesoderm.

101
Q

Who belong to the phylum Chordata?

A

Anyone with a notochord at some point in their life.

102
Q

Name the three subphylums of Chordata.

A

Cephalochordata, Urochordata, Vertebrata

103
Q

Name the 5 synapomorphies that define a Chordate.

A
  1. ) Notochord
  2. ) Dorsal hollow nerve cord
  3. ) Pharyngeal (gill) slits
  4. ) Endostyle
  5. ) Postanal tail
104
Q

What is the notochord?

A

A rodlike, semi-rigid body of fluid-filled cells in a fibrous sheath that serves as a hydrostatic organ providing stiffness to the body.

105
Q

What’s the endostyle in chordates?

A

A structure that secretes mucous in early chordates, and forms the thyroid in more developed ones.

106
Q

What subphylum has all 5 chordate synapomorphies in adulthood?

A

Cephalochordates (lancelets)

107
Q

Tell me about the Urochordates.

A

They’re tunicates or sea squirts (marine chordates). Their larva is pelagic (have all 5 synapomorphies) but the adults are sessile (do not, and are glued down to something). They can be solitary or colonial.

108
Q

What are the two superclasses of subphylum Vertebrata? What are their distinctions?

A

Agnatha (jawless vertebrates) and Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates).

109
Q

Phylum, subphylum, and superclass of fishes?

A

Chordata, Vertebrata, Gnathostomata

110
Q

Phylum, subphylum, superclass, and class of sharks and rays?

A

Chordata, Vertebrata, Gnathostomata, Chondrichthyes

111
Q

What are the three types of shark reproduction?

A

Oviparity, placental viviparity/matrotrophic, and lecithotrophic viviparity

112
Q

What is the most morphologically and taxonomically diverse class of fishes? (also considered a clade).

A

The bony fishes - Osteichthyes

113
Q

What kind of respiration to many modern amphibians have?

A

Cutaneous respiration

114
Q

___ are a clade of ____ (subphylum) who have completed the evolutionary transition to land, and are characterized by the type of egg produced which prevents water loss and has a tough shell. This clade also lacks a ___ stage.

A

Amniotes, Vertebrates, larval

115
Q

Who are the Amniotes?

A

Reptiles, birds, and mammals

116
Q

What are the three classes of Amniotes?

A

Class Reptilia, Class Aves, and Class Mammalia

117
Q

Phylum, Subphylum, Superclass, Clade, Class , Order that humans belong

A

Chordata, Vertebrata, Gnathostomata, Tetrapoda Amniotes, Mammalia, Primates

118
Q

How many amniote characteristics can you name?

A
  • amniotic egg
  • keratinized epidermis
  • aspiration breathing
  • high pressure blood flow
  • uricotelism (excretion of uric acid)
119
Q

Turtles belong to the order ___.

A

Testudines

120
Q

Lizards and snakes belong to the order ___.

A

Squamata

121
Q

Alligators and crocodiles belong to the order ___.

A

Crocodilia

122
Q

When did all non-avian dinosaurs go extinct? (This was the major dinosaur extinction). What was this event called?

A

The Cretaceous Extinction, 65 mya

123
Q

T or F: Feathers evolved for the purpose of flight.

A

False

124
Q

The three main types of feathers in birds

A
  • Contour (main ones that form outline of bird)
  • Down (thermoregulation)
  • Filoplume (ornamentation)
125
Q

Do birds have teeth, you dumb shit?

A

NO.

126
Q

Living birds have a reduced tail called a ___.

A

Pygostyle.

127
Q

What animals have a muscular gizzard? What is a gizzard?

A

Birds, and an organ in the stomach to grind up food.

128
Q

Describe the respiration system in birds.

A

They have a one-way air flow through the lungs using anterior and posterior air sacs.

129
Q

What three groups of animals experienced convergent evolution of flight?

A
  • pterosaurs
  • bats
  • birds
130
Q

What are the three groups of living mammals?

A
  • Monotremes
  • Marsupials
  • Placentals
131
Q

Tell me about Monotremes.

A

Only five species (platypus and echidna). They are egg laying (oviparous) mammals.

132
Q

Gestation period usually correlates in mammals to ___.

A

Body size.

133
Q

The four groups of marine mammals:

A
  • Sea otters
  • Pinnipeds (seals)
  • Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises)
  • Sirenians (sea cows, manatees)
134
Q

T or F: Marine mammals evolved from terrestrial mammals

A

True

135
Q

Orangutans, Chimpanzees, and Gorillas all belong to different orders. How many species does each order contain?

A

Each order only has two species.

136
Q

What is animal integument?

A

The outer covering of animals (skin)

137
Q

What two layers classify as integument?

A

Epidermis and cuticle

138
Q

T or F: the cuticle layer is a cellular, living layer.

A

False.

ZOOL110 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions